Design and Application of Surfactants for Carbon Dioxide; Making.pptVIP

Design and Application of Surfactants for Carbon Dioxide; Making Carbon Dioxide a Better Solvent in an Effort to Replace Solvents that Damage the Environment Volatile Organic Compounds and Halogenated Organic Compounds xylene toluene benzene methylene chloride chloroform isopropyl alcohol Uses of Volatile Organic Compounds and Halogenated Organic Compounds Industrial types of cleaning flux removal oil and grease removal from metal parts garment cleaning Household products stains and varnishes paint thinner fingernail polish remover adhesives furniture polish hair spray VOCs and Ozone Production Halogenated Organic Compounds Carbon based compounds that contain halogen atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. They include the chlorofluorocarbons CFCs and the hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFCs . Chlorofluorocarbons CFCs Widely used for many applications refrigerants, propellants for aerosol, and blowing agents industrial cleaning Chemically unreactive, nontoxic and nonflammable Known to decompose in the stratosphere under the influence of high energy UV radiation UV-C These decomposition products catalyze reactions that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer Significant increases in the intensity of harmful UV radiation reaching the surface of the earth results Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HCFCs are being used as temporary replacements for CFCs. HCFCs do not have as great an ozone layer depleting potential. The carbon hydrogen bond in HCFCs makes them much more reactive than CFCs so… the vast majority of the HCFC molecules are destroyed in the troposphere. This prevents most of the HCFC molecules from rising into the stratosphere where they too would act to deplete the ozone layer. Carbon Dioxide: An Alternative Solvent Preferable to VOCs and Halogenated Organic Compounds Nonflammable, nontoxic, and chemically unreactive Available as a cheaply recovered byproduct from the production of ammonia and from natural gas wells The used carbon