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Modelling of Structural and Geodynamic Process.ppt

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Modelling of Structural and Geodynamic Process

Integrated 2-D and 3-D Structural, Thermal, Rheological and Isostatic Modelling of Lithosphere Deformation: Application to Deep Intra-Continental Basins Contents Introduction: Modelling lithosphere extension and basin formation - basic concepts and initial models Importance of geological and geophysical data in model development Processes and modelling theory: Structural processes Thermal effects - perturbation and re-equilibration Isostasy Surface processes and the development of basin stratigraphy Case studies: Eastern Black Sea South Caspian basin Subsidence curve generated by McKenzie model BIRPS* Seismic Data Integrated Model - parameters Integrated Model - extension Integrated Model of Lithosphere Extension Integrated Model - shortening Black Sea Location Black Sea Tectonics Uniform lithosphere extension …..followed by shortening at margins Crustal thickness can be used to define a Beta (“stretching”) profile Uniform lithosphere extension based upon magnitude of crustal thinning Depth dependent stretching -enhanced extension of lower crust and mantle lithosphere Lithosphere strength distribution and inferred depth of necking/detachment SW-NE Cross-Section Fault Deformation –Model input parameters Uniform Lithosphere Extension(based upon fault heave values) ….followed by compression Estimation of Moho Depth Reconciliation of fault-controlled extension and attenuation of the crust Enhances syn-rift subsidence due to thinning of the lower crust. Enhances post-rift subsidence through increased initial heating of the lithosphere (Bmax = 3.5). Overall subsidence is comparable to data. However, NE of section clearly not deep enough (more data required!). Summary The first numerical models of lithosphere extension were developed about 25 years ago. These models were successful in showing how crustal attenuation, thermal perturbations and local isostatic compensation control basin subsidence and the evolution of syn- and post-rift stratigraphic sequences. The acquis