Stages of Prenatal Development.pptVIP

Stages of Prenatal Development Stages of Prenatal Development Conception Germinal Embryonic Fetal Conception Conception occurs when a sperm cell penetrates and fertilizes an egg cell Successful conception depends on ovaries releasing one healthy egg cell egg cell migrates most of the way down the fallopian tube One sperm must penetrate the ovum to form a zygote Infertility About 15 percent of couples are unable to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term after one year of unprotected intercourse. Causes of male infertility involve the quantity or strength of sperm produced. Infertility 2 Causes of female infertility involve structural abnormalities in the Fallopian tubes or uterus or a failure to ovulate and release mature eggs. New technologies are now available to help overcome infertility The Germinal Stage first two weeks 1. The blastocyst is differentiated into three layers: the ectoderm, the endoderm, and the mesoderm. 2. The blastocyst moves down the fallopian tube into the uterus for implantation. 3. The embryonic stage begins with implantation, and the fully implanted blastocyst is referred to as the embryo. Blastocyst at day six Another blastocyst, day six Embryonic Stage 3rd through 8th weeks 1. Growth in the embryonic and fetal stages follows a cephalocaudal head-to-tail pattern and a proximodistal near-to-far pattern. 2. The head, blood vessels, heart, and most vital organs begin to develop before the arms, legs, hands, and feet. Early Embryonic Stage Embryonic stage slide 2 3. The placenta forms as an area of the uterine wall through which oxygen and nutrients reach the fetus. 4. The umbilical cord connects the embryo to the placenta and provides nutrients and carries away waste products. 5. The amniotic sac surrounds the embryo and protects it. Later embryonic stage Fetal Stage 9th to birth 1. The fetal stage is marked by the development of the first bone cells. The embryo is now called the fetus. 2. By the third month, the fetus is