关节解剖学剖析.ppt

The Alimentary System 山东大学医学院 解剖教研室 李振华 The Oral Cavity 口腔 Consists of two parts Oral vestibule 口腔前庭: between cheeks and lip and teeth Oral cavity proper固有口腔: within arch of teeth Boundaries Anterior and lateral: gum and teeth Posterior: isthmus of fauces Roof: palate Floor: tongue, muscles and mucous membrane Oral vestibule leads, by the space behind the molar teeth, into the oral cavity proper Palate 腭 Two parts Hard palate: anterior 2/3, formed by the maxilla and palatine bone Soft palate: posterior 1/3 Velum palatinum 腭帆 Uvula 腭垂 Palatoglossal arch 腭舌弓 Palatopharyngeal arch 腭咽弓 Isthmus of fauces 咽峡 formed by posterior border of velum palatinum, both side of palatoglossal arches, and root of tongue. Teeth 牙 General features Two sets: Deciduous 乳牙 Permanent 恒牙 Classification: Incisors 切牙 Canine 尖牙 Premolars 前磨牙 Molars 磨牙 Deciduous teeth: are 20 in number Ten teeth in each mandibular and maxillary arch Central incisor中切牙, lateral incisor侧切牙, canine尖牙, first molar第一磨牙 and second molar第二磨牙 in each quadrant Upper jaw Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ total 20 Lower jaw in. in. can. mol. mol. Eruption: stars at about 6 mouth of age and continues to beginning of 3rd year Shedding: occurs between 6th and 12th years with replacement by permanent teeth Permanent teeth (adult): are 32 in number Sixteen in each mandibular and maxillary arch Two incisors, one canine, two premolars, and three molars in each quadrant Upper jaw 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 total 32 Lower jaw First permanent molar－ appears at about 6 years Third molars (wisdom teeth)－many erupt at any time after 12 years of age or not at all (impaction). General description Each tooth consists of 3 parts: Crown 牙冠 Neck 牙颈 Root 牙根 Dental cavity牙腔－contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves, and is continuous with the periodontal tissue through the root canal and apical foramen. Calcified tissues 牙组织 Dentine牙质－ is a yellowish white tissue, that forms the bu