高中有机化学常反应方程式和相关知识点总结).docVIP

高中有機化學方程式匯總 一：烷烃 1. CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl 2. CH3Cl + Cl2 CH2Cl2 + HCl 4. CHCl3 + Cl2 CCl4+ HCl 5. CH4 C +2H2 6. C16H34 C8H18 + C8H16 7. CH3COONa + NaOH CH4↑+ Na2CO3 二 烯烃、炔烃 8. CH2 = CH2 + Br2 CH2Br—CH2Br 9. CH2 = CH2 + H2O CH3CH2OH 10. CH2 = CH2 + HBr CH3—CH2Br 11. CH2 = CH2 + H2 CH3—CH3 12. nCH2 = CH2 [ CH2—CH2 ] n 13. nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 [CH2-CH=CH-CH 2] n 14. 2CH2 = CH2 + O2 2CH3CHO 15. CH≡CH + Br2 CHBr = CHBr 16. CHBr = CHBr+ Br2 CHBr2－CHBr2 17. CH≡CH + HCl H2C = CHCl 18. nCH2 = CH [ CH2－CH ] n Cl Cl 19. CH≡CH + H2O CH3CHO 20. CaC2 + 2H2O CH≡CH↑+ Ca(OH)2 三．苯的反应 21. + Br2 Br + HBr 22. + HO－NO2 NO2 +H2O 23. + HO－SO3H SO3H+H2O + 3H2 25. +3HO－NO2 +3H2O 26. 3CH≡CH→ 四、卤代烃的反应 27. CH3CH2Br + H2O CH3CH2OH + HBr 28. CH3CH2Br + NaOH CH3CH2OH + NaBr 29. CH3CH2Br+ NaOH CH2 = CH2 + NaBr +H2O 五、含氧衍生物物质的重要反应（醇、醛、羧酸、酚、酯） 30. 2CH3CH2OH+2Na 2CH3CH2ONa + H2↑ 31. 2CH3CH2OH+O2 2CH3CHO + 2H2O 32. CH3CH2OH CH2 = CH2↑+ H2O 33.C2H5OH+C2H5OH C2H5OC2H5+H2O 34. OH+NaOH ONa+H2O 35. OH+H2O O－+H3O+ 36. ONa+H2O+CO2 OH+ NaHCO3 37． +3Br2 ↓+3HBr 38. CH3CHO + H2 CH3CH2OH 39. 2CH3CHO + O2 2CH3COOH 40. CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O 41CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2 CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O 42. 2CH3COOH+2Na 2CH3COONa+H2↑ 43.2CH3COOH+Na2CO3 2CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑ 44. CH3COOH+NaHCO3 CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑ 45. CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O 46. 2CH3COOH + Cu(OH)2 (CH3COO)2Cu + 2H2O 47.CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 +H2O 48. CH3COOCH2CH3+NaOH CH3COONa+CH3CH2OH 六、糖类物质的反应