EquivalenceinTranslation.ppt

Equivalence in Translation  equivalent/equivalence Adj. equal or interchangeable in value, quantity, significance, etc. having the same or a similar effect or meaning N. the state of being equivalent or interchangeable Logics/maths: the binary truth-function that takes the value true when both component sentences are true or when both are false, corresponding to English if and only if. Symbol: o or ? , as in -- p ù q o --p ú --q, biconditional TE ‘Unity in difference’ ‘Sameness in diference’ R. Jakobson 1957 What is equivalence? Concepts of sameness similarity SIMILARITY logics : Not necessarily symmetrical This copy of M. Lisa is incredibly like the original The M. Lisa is incredibly like this copy of it. Not reversible Richard fought like a lion ?The/A lion fought like Richard Not necessarily transitive If A is similar to B and B is similar to C, it is not logically implied that A is similar to C SIMILARITY – cognitive aspects Two entities are similar Two entities are are thought of as similar Objective vs similartity ‘in the mind’ Models of similarity in cogn. science: Mental distance model concepts located closer to each other in the mind- proximity of values Feature or contrast model Degree of overlap of features shared and distinctive Two entities are similar if they share at least one feature Two entities are the same if neither has features that the other lacks Salience / Relevance with respect to some purpose , Similarity-as-attribution Similarity judgements e.g. in poetry Hamlet: Do you see yonder cloud that’s almost in shape of a camel? Polonius: By the mass, and ‘tis like a camel indeed. Hamlet: Methinks it’s like a weasel. Polonius: It is becked like a weasel. Hamlet: Or like a whale? Polonius: Very like a whale. Similarity Sovran 1992 divergent convergent: The ‘oneness’ starting point: A A’, A’’, A’’’, ... The seaparateness staring point: A B Chesterman, p. 13-15 Recap.: The concept of similiarity is Janus-faced In ar