英语动词不定式解析.ppt

动词不定式 制作：一只成精的包子 定义 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。 作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us an hour. (2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后。如：①It＋be＋名词＋to do. Its our duty to take good care of the old. 作主语 ②It takes sb+some time+to do. How long did it take you to get there? ③It＋be＋形容词＋to do. It is difficult to finish the work. ④It＋be＋形容词＋of sb＋to do. It is nice of you to help me. ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容词＋to do. It seemed impossible to save money. 作宾语 （1）部分动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。例句：The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 （2）动词+疑问词+ 不定式。例句：Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。I cant make up my mind which to buy.我拿不定主意买哪一种。 作宾语 （3）当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如：I find it difficult to learn English well. We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. 作补语 （1） 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) 例句：Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。He advised me to read this book.他建议我读这本书。 （2） to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。 例句：We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 作补语 （3） to be +形容词。 例句：The book is believed to be uninteresting.人们认为这本书没什么意思。 （4）有些动词需用as 短语做补语。 例句：We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把 他当作自己的父亲。 作状语 （1）目的状语。 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。 （2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。He searched the room only to find nothing. （3） 表原因。Im glad to see you.