修辞学导论 Session 1.ppt

Session One Introduction to English Rhetoric Content of this Session I. History and Definition of Rhetoric II. Purpose of Learning English Rhetoric III. Course Arrangement and Requirements Origin of Western Rhetoric The Historical Background 古代希腊的民主制(democratic system)最为发达，尤其是古典时期的雅典(Athens)。公民参与民主政治主要在公民大会、参议院和法庭三大机构中进行。以公民大会为例，公民大会一年举行40次会议，投票决定城邦的一切重大问题。所有年满20岁的公民，无论贫富贵贱都有权参加公民大会，对城邦问题进行表决。演说是城邦公民政治活动中的主要方式，它是否具有说服力直接关系到在公共生活中能否赢得支持和获得成功砝码。所以，在古希腊教育发展历史中，修辞学在学院的各类课程中更受青年的欢迎，成为一种实践和思考大众话语教育学科，这在某种程度上也为公民的自由的言论表达创造的了条件。 古典修辞学（Classical Rhetoric) Rhetoric, derived from the Greek word rhetorike,which was first created by Plato(427-347 B.C.)in his The Dialogues《柏拉图对话集》, refers to the art(-ike) of speech(rhe-). Scholars, mainly Aristotle, brought forward the Five Canons of Rhetoric(修辞五艺), namely invention, arrangement, elocution, memory and pronunciation. 修饰文字词句，运用各种表现方式，使语言表达的准确、鲜明而生动有力。” 《现代汉语词典》 “The art of effectively using language in speech or writing, including the use of figures of speech. Webster College Dictionary II. Purpose of Learning Rhetoric II. Purpose of Learning English Rhetoric (in the narrow sense) 1) To improve our ability of comprehension. 2) To improve our ability of translation. 3) To improve our ability to polish our writing. Best choice of words Best choice of sentence constructions Appropriate use of figures of speech Discussion: The meaning of each sentence. 1. The gossip is like a net that strangled her. 2. Terribly hungry, the man wolfed down all the cakes. 3. Knowing that she loved him, he felt he were on the top of the world. 4.He is a mushroom millionaire. 5. What a noisy scarf it is! 6.Jackson, a black brought up in the inner city, ran swiftly along the track and beat all the others. Earth and its two neighboring planets, Mars and Venus, were formed at the same time, about 4.6 bill