表人还是表动作-passage5.docVIP

5. 表人还是表动作 He is a big eater and a good sleeper. 他吃得多睡得好（能吃能睡）。 David is a young and rapid writer. 大卫是个笔头来得快的年轻人。 You must be a very bad learner, or else you must be going to a very bad teacher. 你一定是不善于学习，不然就是教的人教得很差。 Are you a good sailor? 你不会晕船吧？ A successful scientist is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective. 成功的科学家善于作准确、耐心和客观的观察。 They dismissed Carter as a poor loser. 他们认为卡特输不起而不屑一顾。 Teacher’s notes： 本次练习的主题：表人还是表动作？各句中都含有从动词变来（词尾加er）的具体名词，这些名词仍保留动作的含义，在这些句中须译成动词。这和汉语的构词情况不一样，汉语也有从动词构成的名词，如“教---教员”“演---演员”。但汉语这类词固定指某种职业的人，并无动作含义，不存在英语那种两可的情况。所以英语的teacher不一定等于汉语的“教员”。 这些具体名词抽象化时一般都带有某种修饰语，可以说是否具有某种修饰语是该名词是否表示动作的关键。如句4，去掉good，该句就只能译成“你是不是水手？”sailor和good或bad搭配时才有晕不晕船的意思。 经常用的修饰语有great（big），small（表量或程度）bad（poor），good（表能力），1 3 4 5句中都含有此类形容词，此外如a small eater 吃得少 ，a great believer（笃信）。如把第3句译成“坏教员”则可能误解为其人品质不好，其实此处与人品毫无关系，专指教学情况；又如第5句中a good observer译成好的“观察者”，其后三个修饰语都不好处理，因为这些修饰语全指“观察”这个动作而不指人。第6句poor loser是比较固定的说法，指输了便发脾气或态度不好，反之good loser指输了能心平气和和泰然处之。 从第5句可见修饰语如专指动作，该具体名词必然抽象化。第二句也是如此，因为句中用了rapid，此词专指动作，故writer只能译成“写作”而不能译成“作家”。其它例子如a slow walker 走路走得慢 ，a heavy smoker（抽烟抽得厉害）a hard worker 勤奋工作 等。 Passage 5 The Solipist Walter B. Jehovah[d?ih?uv?], for whose name I make no apology since it really was his name, had been a solipsist all his life. A solipsist, in case you don’t happen to know the word, is one who believes that he himself is the only thing that really exists, that other people and the universe in general exist only in his imagination, and that if he quit imagining them they would cease to exist. One day Walter B. Jehovah became a practising solipsist. Within a week his wife had run away with another man, he’d lost his job as a shipping clerk and he had broken his leg chasing a black cat to keep it from crossing his path. He decided, in his bed at the hospital, to end it all. Looking out the window, staring up at the stars, he wished them out of existence, and they weren’t there any more. Then he willed all the other people out of existence and