华南农业大学有学课件 第十一章 醛和酮.doc

第十一章 醛和酮 1. 命名下列化合物： （1）环戊二烯酮 （2）4-甲基-4’-氯代二苯甲酮 （3）6-氧代-2-庚烯醛 （4）2，4-戊二烯醛 （5）4-羟基-2-氯苯甲醛 （6）对甲基苯丙酮 2. 完成下列反应式： 3. 用化学方法鉴别下列化合物。 （注：Fehling试剂能氧化脂肪醛，不能氧化芳香醛） 4. A的可能结构为： 7．在一溴代物中，因溴的吸电子性，使α-H的酸性增强，所以它比未溴代的酮更容易发生溴代反应。 8．顺反异构体在碱作用下通过烯醇负离子形式相互转化。两个烷基都在e键上的构象较稳定。顺-2，4-产物和反-2，5-产物中的两个烷基都在e键上。 cis-2，4- trans-2，5- （2）若要得到A，用Meerwein-Ponndorf还原；若要得到B，用控制催化氢化还原；若要得到C，用彻底催化氢化。 （3）合成原料异丙叉丙酮时，可以丙酮为原料在碱催化下，用索氏提取器不断除去生成的水，使平衡向右移动，提高产率： 10. 试写出下列反应可能的机理： 11. 完成下列转化： 12. 以苯、甲苯、环己醇及四个碳以下的有机物为原料合成下列化合物： 13. 可能的合成途径为： appearance of the weld appearance quality technical requirements of the project must not have a molten metal stream does not melt the base metal to weld, weld seam and heat-affected zone surface must not have cracks, pores, defects such as crater and ash, surface smoothing, weld and base metal should be evenly smooth transition. Width 2-3 mm from the edge of weld Groove. Surface reinforcement should be less than or equal to 1 + 0.2 times the slope edge width, and should not be greater than 4 mm. Depth of undercut should be less than or equal to 0.5 mm, total length of the welds on both sides undercut not exceed 10% of the weld length, and long continuous should not be greater than 100 mm. Wrong side should be less than or at 0.2T, and should not be greater than 2 mm (wall thickness mm t) incomplete or not allow 7.5 7.5.1 installation quality process standards of the electrical enclosure Cabinet surface is clean, neat, no significant phenomenon of convex, close to nature, close the door. 7.5.2 Cabinet Cabinet face paints no paint, returned to rusted, consistent color. 7.5.3 uniform indirect gap from top to bottom, slot width 1.5mm 7.5.4 adjacent Cabinet surface roughness is 0. 7.5.5 the cabinets firmly fixed, crafts beautiful. 7.5.6 Cabinet surface gauge, switch cabinet mark clear, neat, firm paste. 7.5.7 Terminal row of ne