家庭养殖花卉常见虫害及其防治方法.doc

家庭养殖花卉常见病虫害防治方法随着人们生活水平的提高，绿色家庭的建设越来越受到人们的青睐，花卉的种植越来越广泛。防治病虫害这是爱养花的朋友经常探讨的问题。家庭养殖花卉防治病虫害，应掌握“以防为主”的原则，加强管理，注意通风、透光、浇水、施肥等养护工作。使花木生长茁壮，增强自身抵御病虫害的能力。一旦发现病虫危害，要及早采取措施，做到“治早、治小、治了”，以防蔓延。花卉家庭花卉常见虫害有：蚜虫、红蜘蛛、、蓟马病害有根腐病(黑茎病)、白粉病等。具体防治方法如下：　　 蚜虫是一种青黄色的小虫，几乎为害所有花木。春夏之间，常密集在月季、石榴、夹竹桃、菊花等新梢或花苞上用口器吸食液汁，造成嫩叶卷曲萎缩，严重时不仅影响生长、开花，还会使植株枯萎。蚜虫一年可发生20—30代，卵能越冬。石榴、夹竹桃、菊花体小，呈红色，肉眼很难看到。一年可发生10余代，常在高温低湿的环境滋生。 常为害杜鹃花、月季、一串红、海棠以及真柏、金橘、代代、仙人掌、龙柏等，其中杜鹃花、真柏受害最为严重。清除盆内杂草，消灭越冬虫卵。蓟马黑色或褐色，危害严重时期为春、夏季节。蓟马褐斑病，也称黑斑病、叶斑病等发生原因多系环境闷热、不通风和潮湿所造成。对月季、茶花、杜鹃花、蔷薇、菊花等危害较多注意改善环境条件，每隔7天喷施1次，全生长期共喷施4—5次。　　根腐病(黑茎病) 根腐病引起植物根茎发黑过度湿润，光照不足，通风不良，高温和植物体汁液过浓，会造成根腐病大量发生。危害鞘蕊花、紫罗兰预防必须保证正确的管理方法，根据各种植物特点，随时对植物进行修枝，保持营养液的供给，保持适温，向土壤灌浇高锰酸钾(1L水中放入3g)，6天喷雾2～3次。　　白粉病 白粉病亦称粉霉病，常危害花木的叶、茎和花柄等受害处表面出现一层白色粉末，病情严重时叶片枯萎。这种病害在闷热、潮湿、不通风的环境中容易发生。 危害月季、蔷薇、大叶黄杨、金橘等　　预防方法是要有允足的光照，通风，经常施肥。罹病植物可喷洒托布津、多菌灵等药剂喷布硫酸铜肥皂液或者粗制碳酸钠溶液(4～5g溶解在1L水中)防治。 well, with the effectiveness of services to defend the interests of the masses. Third, we should strive to do well. To achieve good practical results, the key is to know the law, to grasp the laws and using laws. Office of economic development, social progress, there are rules to follow. Only act according to the law, to overcome blindness and strengthening initiative, creative. Working in the Office, we should be good at analyzing the essence of things, to find regular thing, change from passive to active, to seek one. Investee 2. establishment of evaluation system. Evaluation system is essentially an incentive mechanism, the evaluation was objective and fair, reasonable, and can stimulate a persons energy, mobilizing peoples enthusiasm or be misleading, dampened the enthusiasm of people. At present, the concept of people-oriented people, but to establish and perfect evaluation system is still lagging behind. Work in this area should be seriously caught up. Three emphasis on to take advantage of. Is a focus on standards and scientific. A fundamental point of the evaluation criteria, is to keep contact, d