EnvironmentalMicrobiology4.2课件.pptVIP

* yeasts Morphological characteristics Reproduction Characteristics of colony Typical species of yeasts Morphological characteristics Yeasts are usually unicellular. Yeast cells are larger than most bacteria.1-5um in width and 5-30 um or more in length. They are commonly egg-shaped. Yeasts have no flagella. Asexual reproduction is by budding or binary fission; Sexual reproduction is by forming ascospore. Saccharomyces: there are about 30 species. S.cerevisiae are used in the fermentation of beer, wine and in baking. Budding and 4 ascospores. Typical species of yeasts Schizosaccharomyces: binary fission and 8 ascospores. Some species are used in the fermentation of beer. Life cycle of yeast Classification of fungi The classification of fungi is based primarily on the characteristics of the sexual spores and fruiting bodies present during the sexual stages of their life cycles. The perfect life cycle of many fungi are yet unknown. They are placed in a special class of Deuteromycetes Typical species of filamentous fungi Mucor (class Zygomycetes): occur in soil and on fruits, vegetables and starchy foods. Some are used in the manufacture of cheeses. Their mycelium are nonseptate and are white or gray. Zygospores are produced when plus and minus strains are both present. No stolons or rhizoids. Rhizopus (class Zygomycetes): these are common bread molds, which cause much food spoilage. They have nonseptate. It forms rootlike hyphae called rhizoid, as well as stolons. Zygospores are produced when plus and minus strains are both present. 厚壁的接合孢子 　萌发 减数分裂 无性繁殖 在面包上的孢子开始萌发 　假根 原配子囊 无性繁殖 孢子萌发 有性繁殖 孢子囊 　配子囊 匍枝根霉的生活史 A. 孢子囊、孢囊梗、匍匐菌丝、假根； B. 孢囊和囊轴； C. 接合孢子 Adsidia 子囊菌 　　高等真菌，菌丝有横隔膜。无性繁殖主要产生分生孢子，有性繁殖产生子囊孢子。 　　子囊是一种囊状结构，球形、棒形或圆筒形。一般子囊内有八个子囊孢子，子囊孢子形状多样。 子囊果类型：裸果；闭囊壳；子囊壳；子囊盘；子囊腔 　闭囊壳 　子囊壳 　子囊盘 子囊类型 子囊果类型 Gibberella A. 子囊； B. 子囊壳； C.分生孢子梗及小分生孢子； D. 分生孢子梗及大分生孢子 虫草属（C6rdcyeps）: A. 冬虫夏草（C. sinensis）； B. 蛹虫草（C. militaris）； C. 蜂头虫草（C. sphecocephala） 冬虫夏草 Neurospora (