14钻探邓烈讲义.doc

煤矿开采、运输、污染及治理 学 院：辽宁工程地质学院 专 业：采矿工程 学 号：201402120117 学 生 姓 名：邓烈 指 导 教 师：谷松 2016年 4月  摘要 煤炭成为18世纪工业革命中的主要能量来源，蒸汽火车、蒸汽船等开始成为工业国家中的主要交通运输工具。同时炼钢业也需要大量的煤矿。城市的照明、暖气和烹调等也需要使用煤气。英国在18世纪末发明了许多地下采煤的科技，从此采煤进入了大规模商业开采的时代。挖煤的机器约在1880年代左右发明；在那之前，采矿需要以人工用铲子或十字镐挖掘。到了1912年，蒸汽挖土机科技方面的进步使得露天开采变得可能。 煤炭在18世纪至1950年代是西方国家的主要工业和运输能量来源。另一方面，石油的开采技术在20世纪初得到很大的发展，在美国、中东和印尼发现了大规模油田。石油作为燃料的优点多于煤炭。石油及其附属品在1950年代以后开始成为主要的燃料，很快的蒸汽机被内燃机所取代。至20世纪末，煤炭在家庭、工业和运输上很大的一部分被石油、天然气、核能或可再生能源等所代。 Abstract Coal as the main energy source in the 18th century industrial revolution, steam trains, ships, etc has become the main means of transport in the industrial countries. Steel industry also needs a lot of coal mines. The citys lighting, heating and cooking, etc. Also need to use the gas. Britain in the late 18th century invented many underground coal mining technology and mining entered the era of large-scale commercial exploitation. The coal machine about invented in 1880 s; Before that, mining need to manually with a shovel or pick mining. By 1912, steam shovel progress of science and technology makes strip mining. Coal in the 18th century to the 1950 s is a major industry in the west and transport energy source. Oil mining technology, on the other hand, get great development in the early 20th century, discovered massive oil field in the United States, the Middle East, and Indonesia. The advantages of oil as a fuel than coal. After oil and its accessories in the 1950 s has become the main fuel, steam engine soon replaced by the internal combustion engine. To the end of the 20th century, the coal in the domestic, industrial and transportation on the part of the big oil, natural gas, nuclear energy and renewable energy generation. 目录 摘要 ..................................................... .绪论 ................................................... 炭工业发展现状及面临的主要挑战.............................