Lecture1_Introduction概念.ppt

* * * LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY Fifth Edition David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox 2013.10.09 /lehninger5e/ Jiang Xinnong (蒋新农) jiangxn88@ Office: D11- 308# Contact Information Scoring Home works: 10% Quiz: 10% Oral presentation: 10% Vitamins Final exam: 70% Fill in the blanks Multiple choices Definition Short answer questions Essay questions Textbook 6th edition, 2012 5th edition, 2009 4th edition, 2005 Lecture 1 Introduction The History of Biochemistry The Chemical Foundations of Biochemistry Contents in Brief What is Biochemistry? The history of biochemistry spans approximately 400 years. Although the term “biochemistry” seems to have been first used in 1882, it is generally accepted that the word biochemistry was first proposed in 1903 by Carl Neuberg, a German chemist. Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms; it governs all living organisms and living processes. Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules (大分子), such as proteins (蛋白质), nucleic acids (核酸), carbohydrates (糖类) and lipids (脂类), which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The Study of Metabolism (新陈代谢) The first controlled experiments in human metabolism were published by Santorio Santorio in 1614 in his book Ars de statica medecina. Santorio Santorio (1561-1636), also called Sanctorius Sanctorius, was an Italian physiologist, physician, and professor. The mechanisms (机理; 机制) by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The term metabolism is derived from the Greek Μεταβολισμ?? – Metabolismos for change, or overthrow. The history of the scientific study of metabolism spans 400 years. Santorio and His Scientific Contributions For a period of thirty years Sanctorius weighed himself, everything he ate and drank, as well as his urine (尿) and feces (粪便). He compared the weight of what he had eaten