果树的整枝修剪英文.ppt

Pruning Terms pruning - removal of parts of the top or root systems of plants fruit spur - stubby, fruit bearing twig Terms translocation - movement of water and soluble minerals from one part of the plant to another Terms inhibit - prohibit or slow action hormones - chemical compounds produced by plant. Regulate plant functions Terms twig - very small branch of a tree cane - stem of various fruits. Ex: raspberry Terms shoot - small outgrowth on a bush Facts generally has no specific season continuous process serves a purpose for the plant Facts enhances ornamental value generally prune with natural form of the plant, not against it Purposes remove diseased, dead, or damaged limbs restrict or promote growth develop certain forms of growth Methods of pruning root shoot or stem Stem pruning reduces amount of growth influences vegetative reproductive balance of the plant reduces plant size, yield, and total amount of growth Stem pruning Increases supply of essential elements to the points of growth that remain Stem pruning promotes the making of cells and the utilization of carbohydrates stimulates vegetative phase, retards reproductive phase Root pruning affects total amount of growth made reduces amount of available essential elements - causes dwarfing Root pruning influences vegetative reproductive balance of plant promotes root growth Root pruning favors reproduction, retards vegetative phase used to prepare plants for transplanting Top Pruning heading back thinning out Heading back terminal - top portion is removed stimulates development of more points of growth Heading back induces compact, dense, or branched type of growth removes hormones that inhibit branching Thinning out entire twig, cane, or shoot is removed does not prevent development of lateral buds induces open type of growth General rules use correct tools for the job prune back to existing bud or to a side branch never leave a stub!!!!!!!!!! General rules cut larger limbs in three steps draw the illu