DNA(Deoxyribonucleic Acid).pptVIP

DNA(Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Genetic material of cells… GENES – units of genetic material that CODES FOR A SPECIFIC TRAIT Called NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA is made up of repeating molecules called NUCLEOTIDES DNA Nucleotide A HISTORY OF DNA Discovery of the DNA double helix A. Frederick Griffith – Discovers that a factor in diseased bacteria can transform harmless bacteria into deadly bacteria (1928) B. Rosalind Franklin - X-ray photo of DNA. (1952) C. Watson and Crick - described the DNA molecule from Franklin’s X-ray. (1953) Watson Crick proposed… DNA Double Helix DNA Double Helix Nitrogenous Bases PURINES 1. Adenine (A) 2. Guanine (G) PYRIMIDINES 3. Thymine (T) 4. Cytosine (C) Chargaff’s Rule Adenine must pair with Thymine Guanine must pair with Cytosine Their amounts in a given DNA molecule will be about the same. BASE-PAIRINGS Genetic Diversity… Different arrangements of NUCLEOTIDES in a nucleic acid (DNA) provides the key to DIVERSITY among living organisms. The Code of Life… The “code” of the chromosome is the SPECIFIC ORDER that bases occur. A T C G T A T G C G G… DNA is wrapped tightly around histones and coiled tightly to form chromosomes DNA Replication DNA must be copied The DNA molecule produces 2 IDENTICAL new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing: A-T, G-C DNA Replication Semiconservative Model: 1. Watson and Crick showed: the two strands of the parental molecule separate, and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand. . 1. Why is replication necessary? 2. When does replication occur? 3. Describe how replication works. Use the complementary rule to create the complementary strand: 1. Why is replication necessary? So both new cells will have the correct DNA 2. When does replication occur? During interphase (S phase). 3. Describe how replication works. Enzymes unzip DNA and complementary nucleotides join each original strand. 4. Use the complem