第3次课内容2.pptVIP

Section Three: Phonic Devices（声音手段） 1. Voice and Tone（声音和语气） Speaker（说话者）: The speaker’s voice communicates the feelings, emotions, and meanings of the poem. The speaker’s voice is not the voice of the poet but a created voice, or persona（角色）. The speaker’s voice, like that of a real person, may change and express different tones throughout the poem as his or her attitudes vary toward the subject, him-or herself, and the reader. 2. Alliteration（头韵）: the repetition of the initial sounds of the words in a poetic line. Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow, Death Be not Proud by John Donne He clasps the crag with crooked hands; The Eagles by Alfred Tennyson The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free; We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea (The Ancient Mariner—S.T. Coleridge) 3. Repetition（重复）: repetition of a single word or phrase; the repetition of a refrain or a specific line or lines in a poem; or the repetition of a slightly changed version of a poetic line. 1) Refrain（重复，叠句） 2) Incremental Repetition（增量重复） 3) Repetend（ 循环句，反复语句） 1) Refrain（重复，叠句）： A line, group of lines, or part of a line repeated at regular or irregular intervals in a poem, usually at the end of each stanza. It may recur in exactly the same form, or may be subject to slight variations(see incremental repetition). It may form part of a stanza, as in the ballade or villanelle; or it may appear separately, as in many songs and ballads, in which case it may be called a burden, and, if intended for group singing, a chorus. See also repetend. (Baldick, 1999: 186) 2) Incremental Repetition（增量重复） A modern term for a device of repetition commonly found in ballads. It involves the repetition of lines or stanzas with small but crucial changes made to a few words from one to the next, and has an effe