第四讲简单句与并列句(句子按结构分类).docVIP

第四讲：简单句与并列句 （句子按结构分类） 一．简单句的五种基本句型 1. 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） 2. 主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ( S + Vt + O) 3. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表 (S + LV + predicative) 4. 主语＋双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) 5. 主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋宾语 ＋宾语补语 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl) *特例：There + be / stand/ lie / live... 主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为____________。 完整的句子一般至少包含________个基本成分，至多_________个基本成分。 （一）英语句子的基本成分 * 简单句基本句型实例 1.主语 ＋ 不及物动词 She came．/ My head aches.______________________________ 2.主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语 She likes English.________________________________ 3.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 主语补语 She is happy．_______________________ 4.主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋ 间接宾语 ＋ 直接宾语 She gave John a book．______________________________ She bought a book for me.______________________________________ 5.主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry．_______________________________________ The teacher asked me to read the passage._______________________________________ *特例: There +be There is a book on the desk._____________________________________ 英语句子的附属成分 英语句子基本成分的修饰语可以是_______和________.前者是用来修饰_______的单词、短语或从句, 而后者是用来修饰______词或______词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。 请用横线划出下列各句中的定语并圈出它们所修饰的: Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearby． She likes oranges imported from the USA. John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrations． Have you seen the book on the desk? The boy playing over there is my brother. People there like sports. 请用横线划出下列各句中的语: John often came to chat with me． John likes oranges very much． Whenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angry． Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. My father worked in this school ten years ago. You’d better stay here. （三）英语句子的成分 句中可以去掉的成分，去掉后不影响句子的。这种成分和句子的其他词没有的关系。 Examples: Oh！What is that！（惊叹词）He has，alas，failed again． Come here，John．（呼语）Roll on，Ocean，roll on． 英语句子的成分 句中被省略的成分，虽然未说出来，却在句中表示一定的意思 1.（） Come here． （）Good luck！ Some gave him praises，but others（）rotten eggs． He runs as fast as, if