天然产物农药课程论文.docVIP

天然产物农药论文 题 目 植物源与微生物源天然产物农药的研究现状与展望以及对绿色农药的研究与思考综述 Research Status and Prospect of Natural Products from Plant Sources and Microbial Sources, and Review of Research and Thinking of Green Pesticides 姓 名 金鑫 学 号 2013310201019 学 院 理学院 专业班级 应化1303 指导教师 职 称 教授 中国·武汉 二〇一五 年 十二 月 摘要 在过去几十年里，化学农药为挽回有害生物对农林业生产造成的损失做出了巨大贡献，但常规化学农药存在残留、抗药性及环境安全性等问题。人们开始寻找一些高效、低毒的化学农药，以替代过去的高毒、高残留农药，生物防治越来越受到人们的重视。广义的生物防治是指利用有益生物及其代谢产物来控制有害生物。这里的有益生物包括微生物、藻类、高等植物，甚至昆虫和哺乳动物。由于这些生物普遍存在于自然界，所以将它们的代谢产物又称为天然产物。从生物中抽提天然代谢产物就可以直接用于控制有害生物的入侵，使得天然产物用作农药成为可能。本文将分植物源、微生物源与绿色农药三个部分综述近年来研究利用天然产物防治农林业生产上的有害生物所取得的一些成果以及展望。 关键词：植物源；微生物源；绿色农药 Abstract Over the past several decades, chemical pesticides have made a great contribution to the loss of agricultural and forestry production, but there are many problems such as the existence of conventional chemical pesticides, drug resistance and environmental safety. People began to look for some high efficiency, low toxicity of chemical pesticides, to replace the past high toxicity, high residual pesticides, biological control is increasingly subject to peoples attention. Generalized biological control is the use of useful organisms and their metabolites to control harmful organisms. The beneficial organisms include microorganisms, algae, higher plants, and even insects and mammals. Because these organisms are ubiquitous in nature, they are called natural products. From the biological extraction of natural metabolites can be directly used to control the invasion of harmful organisms, making it possible for natural products as pesticides. This article will be divided into three parts. This paper summarizes some achievements and prospects of the research and utilization of natural products in the prevention and control of the harmful orga