寄生虫阿米巴.ppt

Epidemiology Worldwide distribution, especially female at the age group of 20～40, average prevalence is 28％。 Source of infection：TV vaginitis patients and asymptomatic carrier (female or male carrier). Route of transmission : Direct: sexual intercourse Indirect: sharing moist towels, washcloths or even from hot baths. Epidemiology Treatment and Prevention Treatment: metronidazole sexual partner must be treated at the same time 1. Morphology and life cycle The trophozoite form is 15 to 18 micrometers in diameter and is half pear-shaped with a single nucleus, four anterior flagella and a lateral flagellum attached by an undulating membrane. An axostyle is arranged asymmetrically. The organism does not encyst. Human is only one host, There is no non-human reservoir. The infective stage is the trophozoite; Infection occurs primarily via sexual contact. Trophozoites of Trichomonas vaginalis inhabit the vagina in females and the urethra, epididymis and prostate gland in males. 2. Pathogenesis and clinical manifestations The organism causes contact-dependent damage to the epithelium of the infected organ. T. vaginalis infection is rarely symptomatic in men, although it may cause mild urethritis or occasionally prostatitis. In women, it is often asymptomatic, but heavy infections in a high pH environment may cause mild to severe vaginitis with copious（大量的） foul-smelling yellowish, sometimes frothy（泡沫样）discharge. Main points of the section concerning Trichomonas vaginalis 3. Laboratory diagnosis Clinical suspicion may be confirmed by finding the organism in Giemsa-stained smears of vaginal discharge or, in difficult cases, by cultivation of a swab sample in Diamonds medium. Trophozoites must be distinguished from the non-pathogenic flagellate Trichomonas hominis. Epidemiology and control Trichomonas vaginalis has a world-wide distribution; incidence is as low as 5%　in normal females and as high as 70% among prostitutes（娼妓） and prison inmates（监狱同犯人）. Metronidazole (a