Chemical Reactions, General Chemistry.pptxVIP

ChemicalReactions,GeneralChemistryLessonView1.ThelawofConservationofMassandBalancingChemicalReactions.2.IntroductiontoChemicalEquilibrium.3.Electrolytes,NonelectrolytesandAqueousSolutions.4.PredictingtheproductsofanAqueousReaction.5.Single-replacementReactions.6.Double-replacementPrecipitationReactionsandtheSolubilityRules.7.NeutralizationReactions.8.ReactionsThatproduceanUnstableProduct.9.Summary.10.SampleProblems.TheLawofConservationofMassandBalancingChemicalReactionsTheLawofConservationofMass-Mattercanneitherbecreatednordestroyed.-Totalmassbeforeareaction=totalmassafterareaction-Totalmassofwhatyoustartwith=totalmassofwhatyouendupwithA+B→C+DReactants→productsBalancingChemicalReactionsCont’dN2+H2→NH3Wheneverthereactantsareallhomonuclear,itdoesn’tmatterwhichelementyoutrytobalancefirst.CH4+O2→CO2+H2OWhenareactantisheteronuclear,alwayssavethehomonuclearreactantforthelaststep.C2H6+O2→CO2+H2OSometimes,fractionalcoefficientsneedtobeusedforst.IntrotoChemicalEquilibriumWhenanioniccompoundfullydissociates,weuseasinglearrowintheforwarddirectionHCl→H（+）+Cl（-）Whenanioniccompoundincompletelydissociates,weuseapairofoppositearrows:HF→H（+）+F（-）Thisreversibleprocessisknownasdynamicequilibrium,wheretheforwardandreversereactionshappensimultaneously.Inotherwords,assoonasacompounddissociates,theionsrecombineintotheoriginalcompound.ElectrolytesandNonelectrolytesElectrolytesareioniccompoundsthatformionswhendissolvedinwater.NACL(aq)→NA+（aq）+Cl-（aq）Thefreeionscanthenconductanelectriccurrent!Strongelectrolytescompletelydissociate.Weakelectrolytesincompletelydissociate.Nonelectrolytesaremolecularcompoundsthatdissolveinwater.Theydonotformions,andhencenoelectriccurrent.Predictingtheproduct(s)ofanAqueousRxnSingle-replacement（akasingle-displacement)A+BC→AC+BLi(s)+CuCl2(aq)→2LiCl(aq)+Cu(s)Cu(s)+LiCl(aq)→NRZn(S)+2HCl(aq)→ZnCl2(aq)+H2(g)UsetheActivitySeriestopredicttheoutcome.Li＞K＞Ba＞Sr＞Ca＞Na＞Mg＞AI＞Mn＞Zn＞Cr＞Fe＞Ni＞Sn＞Pb＞H2＞Sb＞Cu＞Hg＞Ag＞Pd＞Pt＞AuPredictingtheproduct(s)ofanAqueousRxnDouble-replacement(