Mass Balance Notes.pptVIP

* * * * * Mass BalancesChapter 4 (pp. 134-158) Accumulation = In – OutBut, TIME is important, therefore Rate of Accumulation = Rate of Inputs – Rate of Outputs Where (in) and (out) refer to masses coming into and out of a control volume by flow, reaction, or other forms. If we are talking about concentrations of masses in volume V, then a common form is: where: C represents concentration (mg/L, for example) ?QinCin is the sum of all the masses (mass/time) coming into V ?QoutCout is the sum of all the masses (mass/time) going out of V Equation 4-4 in the text (p. 137) Important Assumptions The control volume is well mixed All flows and reactions are included Usually, ?Qin = ?Qout Often can assume no reactions or first order reactions Often can assume steady state, accumulation = 0 Example Control Volume General form of any mass balance:Rate of Accumulation = Rate of Inputs – Rate of Outputs IMPORTANT: C is the concentration in the control volume AND the concentration in the outflow (a result of assuming the control volume is well mixed) Strategy to Solving MB problems Draw diagram control volume flows and reactions (use arrows) values where known units Write a general form of the mass balance (see above) Define all the terms in the equation and simplify using the assumptions (list your assumptions) Solve Questions to Ask about Mass Balances Is there flow (i.e., is Qin and/or Qout = 0)? Is there steady flow (i.e., Qin = Qout) Is the system at steady state? Is the substance of interest conservative (unreactive) or nonconservative (reactive)? Is the substance of interest present in the control volume at t = 0 (i.e., is Co = 0)? Sketch Concentration (of a substance in the control volume) vs. time for each example and do the math: Case 1: No inflows or outflows (Qin = Qout = 0) – Batch system (a) conservative pollutant (b) reactive pollutant Case 2: Conservative; Cin ≠ 0; Co = 0 Case 3: Conservative; Cin = 0; Co ≠ 0 Case 4: Steady flow; no