Management of CHF.pptVIP

Heart Failure Final common pathway for many cardiovascular diseases whose natural history results in symptomatic or asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction Cardinal manifestations of heart failure include dyspnea, fatigue and fluid retention Risk of death is 5-10% annually in patients with mild symptoms and increases to as high as 30-40% annually in patients with advanced disease Main causes Coronary artery disease Hypertension Valvular heart disease Cardiomyopathy Cor pulmonale Compensatory changes in heart failure Activation of SNS Activation of RAS Increased heart rate Release of ADH Rele