有机化学七年制习(class 2010).pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 第十六章：脂类 linoleic acid, ?-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid are essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids: essential in our diets because our bodies cannot make them, yet use them to make many other fatty acids our bodies must have. * Saponification number: The amount (mg) of KOH that can hydrolyze 1g oils and fats completely. We can use the saponification number to deduce the average molecular weight of oils and fats approximately. saponification number average molecular weight content of low molecular weight oils and fats large small small large high low * (2) Addition of iodine Iodine number: the amount of iodine (g) which be absorbed by 100g oils and fats. Iodine number can be used to deduce the unsaturated degree of oils and fats. iodine number unsaturated degree large small high low * Acidic number: the amount (mg) of KOH which can neutralize the dissociated fatty acids of 1g oils and fats. acidic number dissociated fatty acid the degree of rancidity large small more less large small * 5?-steroids Substituents point either down (dashed bond, a) or up (solid bond, b) * 5?-steroids * ultraviolet Vitamin D3 7-dehydrocholesterol ultraviolet ergosterol麦角甾醇 Vitamin D2 * 第十七章：氨基酸、多肽和蛋白质 Almost nature amino acids are L-amino acids. All 20 of the amino acids are necessary for protein synthesis. Our body can synthesize more than one-half of these 20 amino acids from starting materials provided by the food. But there are nine or ten are unable to make in our body, which are called essential amino acids.