词汇学名词解释 .doc

1、 英语词汇概述：（8%）?（1） 英语词汇的谱系关系及其历史发展：英语的谱系关系；英语的三个发展阶段。?（2） 英语词汇的构成：基本词汇与专用词汇；英语词汇中的本族词与外来词。?（3） 英语词汇的三大特点：数量大、来源广、变化多。? ‘Indo-European’印欧语系 With Vikings’ invasion, many Scandinavian words at least 900 words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modern German. 1. Word词--- A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. 2．Vocabulary词汇 —— Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect， a given book， a given subject and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history. 3. basic word stock 基本词汇is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though words of the basic word stock constitute a small percentage of the English vocabulary, yet it is the most important part of it. These words have obvious characteristics.（1）All national character全民性. Words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us, which are indispensable to all the people who speak the language。They include words relating to the following respects:Natural phenomena/Human body and relations/Names of plants and animals/Action, size, domain, state/Numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions? （2）Stability稳定性. Words of the basic word stock have been in use for centuries. （3）Productivity 多产性. Words of the basic word stock are mostly root words or monosyllabic words. They can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes. （4）Polysemy多义性. Words belonging to the basic word stock often possess more than one meaning because most of them have undertone semantic changes in the course of use and become polysemous. （5）Col