定语从句(高一用).docVIP

定语和定语从句 定 语 概念： 在句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 Eg: ⑴ This is a good book. ⑵ He has three English story-books. ⑶ I have something important to tell you. ⑷ The basket full of apples belongs to Liu Mei. 二、英语中，能充当定语的词和词组有：形容词， 数词， 代词， 副词， 介词短语，动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词。 1、 形容词作定语：形容词作定语是形容词的最基本的语法功能之一，一般放在它找所修饰的名词前。如： an expensive car； a comfortable room 但在下列情况下形容词定语后置： （1）形容词修饰不定代词时， 如：something important, nothing new 但something 前有this, that等词时，形容词定语照样前置。如：this important something (2) nearby修饰名词时，可前可后。 He lives in a nearby school =He lives in a school nearby. (3) 成对形容词或形容词短语作定时后置。 We need a boy tall and strong. He is now a young man old enough to make his own decision. I want a person as diligent as you. There is only water too dirty to drink. (4 )表语形容词只能作后置定语。 People alive must finish the work of those dead. 常见的表语形容词有: alive, alone, afraid, awake, 等。 （5）present作前置定语和后置定语意义不同。 2、数词作定语 （1）基数词从数量上修饰名词。 We need four experienced teachers. He was the first teacher to come to school this morning. 3、代词作定语 （1）人称代词中的形容词性物主代词及名词的’s所有格。 His wish is to be an astronaut. Tom’s brother is a soldier. (2) 指示代词this, that, these, those. These books are all interesting. (3) 疑问代词 如：What language will you choose to learn? Whose bag is this? (4) 关系代词及连接代词 Tell me the name of the girl whose parents you talked to just now. You may write about whatever topic you like. 4、副词作定语 只有时间和地点副词可作后置定语。 People here like potatoes very much. Life then was very hard. 5、名词作定语：名词作定语时，必须注意以下几点： （1）名词作定语只从作用或类别上修饰另一个名词。 an apple tree； a meeting room (2) 名词作定语一般用单数，但man, woman例外。 a boy student → two boy students an apple tree → two apple trees 但：a man teacher →some men teachers a woman nurse → ten women nurses Ex: Yesterday I went to a ______ shop. A. shoe B. shoes C. shoe’s D. shoes’ 另：a parents meeting , a sports meeting 6、介词短语作定语 介词短语只能作后置定语。 the bike under the tree； th