大学英语自学教(下).docVIP

大学英语自学教程（下） 01-A. What Is a Decision? 2 01-B. Secrets of Success at an Interview 4 02-A. Black Holes 7 02-B. Worlds within Worlds 9 03-A. Euthanasia: For and Against 11 03-B. Advantage Unfair 13 04-A. Slavery on Our Doorstep 16 04-B. Return of The Chain Gang 18 05-A. The New Music 20 05-B. Different Types of Composers 21 06-A. Improving Industrial Efficiency through Robotics 23 06-B. Predicting Earthquakes 25 07-A. Leisure and Leadership 27 07-B. The Time Message 29 08-A. Jet Lag: Prevention and Cure 32 08-B. Coetrolling Your Concentration 34 09-A. Aging in European Countries 37 09-B. Childrens Self-esteem 39 10-A. The Campaign for Election 42 10-B. The American Two-party System 44 11-A. Sacrificed to Science? 46 11-B. Lets Stop Keeping Pets 49 12-A. Let Your Mind Wander 51 12-B. To Sleep, Perchance to Dream 55 13-A. Work, Labor, and Play 59 13-B. The Workmans Compensation 61 14-A. The Teachers Last Shocking lesson 64 14-B. The Seeds of Wrath 66 15-A. The Computer and The Poet 69 15-B. Changes to Come in U. S. Education 71 01-A. What Is a Decision? A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, hut since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. Sometimes the consequences of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious. Choice is the oppor