臭椿叶提取物对桃蚜的防治效果研究.docVIP

  • 13
  • 0
  • 约4.44千字
  • 约 7页
  • 2016-11-23 发布于北京
  • 举报

臭椿叶提取物对桃蚜的防治效果研究.doc

臭椿叶提取物对桃蚜的防治效果研究.doc

臭椿叶提取物对桃蚜的防治效果研究   摘要:用索氏提取法以乙醇回流提取臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)叶有效成分,并就提取物对桃蚜(Myzus persicae Sulzer)的杀虫活性进行了测定。室内叶片法生测试验结果表明,当处理浓度为40 mg/mL时,桃蚜校正死亡率为91.94%,提取物对桃蚜的LC50为13.26 mg/mL;田间防治效果测定结果表明,当浓度为40 mg/mL时,对桃蚜的防治效果为92.86%。臭椿叶提取物对桃蚜有很较好的防治效果。   关键词:臭椿叶;提取物;桃蚜;防治效果   中图分类号:S436.44 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2013)20-4944-02   Studies on the Control Efficiency of Extracts from Leaves of Ailanthus altissima Swingle on Myzus persicae Sulzer   WANG Han-hai   (College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, Shandong China)   Abstract: The effective component of leaves of Ailanthus altissima Swingle was extracted by Soxhlet extraction with ethanol refluxing. The insecticidal activities of extracts were detected against Myzus persicae Sulzer. The results of indoor leaf bioassay showed that the adjusted death rate is 91.94% when the concentration of extracts is 40 mg/mL with LC50 of 13.26 mg/mL. The results of field control effects showed that the control efficiency of the extracts from leaves of Ailanthus altissima Swingle is 92.86 % against the insects when the concentration of extracts is 40 mg/mL. Therefore, the extracts from Ailanthus altissima Swingle leaves have strong insecticidal activities against Myzus persicae Sulzer.   Key words: leaves of Ailanthus altissima Swingle; extracts; Myzus persicae Sulzer; control efficiency   臭椿(Ailanthus altissima Swingle)属苦木科(Smiaroubaceae)落叶乔木,根皮为中药材,称为椿根皮或椿白皮。臭椿根皮和叶中含有黄酮、吲哚生物碱、苦木苦味素类物质和2,6-二甲氧基苯醌等多种有效成分[1,2],具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗疟疾和杀菌等活性。桃蚜(Myzus persicae Sulzer)属半翅目(Hemiptera)蚜科(Aphididae)昆虫,是广食性害虫,又是多种植物病毒的主要传播媒介,寄主植物至少有74科285种,包括梨、桃、李、梅、樱桃等蔷薇科果树和白菜、甘蓝、萝卜、芥菜、芸薹、芜菁、辣椒、菠菜等多种作物[3,4]。目前主要依赖化学农药对其进行防治,但大量使用化学农药会促使害虫产生抗药性和造成环境污染。利用植物源生物农药进行农林病虫防治,因其具有安全性高、无污染和易降解等优点,已经成为了研究与开发的热点。臭椿根皮或叶的提取物对光肩星天牛成虫的产卵与孵化有显著抑制作用[5],对锯谷盗成虫具有较强的驱避、熏杀和种群抑制作用[6],对番茄花叶病毒和烟草花叶病毒有体外抑制作用[7,8],对玉米象和杂拟谷盗成虫有驱避、触杀和熏杀作用[9],对菜蚜有较强的触杀与驱避活性[10]。臭椿叶提取物对桃蚜的活性研究鲜见报道。本研究用65%乙醇索氏提取法加热回流提取臭椿叶有效成分,就提取物防治桃蚜的效果进行了研究。   1 材料与方法   1.1 材料   臭椿叶和桃蚜采

您可能关注的文档

文档评论(0)

1亿VIP精品文档

相关文档