（毕业论文）基于HHT的输气管道泄漏检测与定位.docVIP

摘 要 管道运输是一种高效、便捷又环保的运输方式，尤其是在输送气体、液体等方面具有得天独厚的优势，已成为与铁路、公路、航空和水运并行的五大运输手段之一。然而由于管道本身材料的腐蚀、老化，以及自然灾害和人为损毁等原因，管道泄漏时有发生，造成财产的巨大损失和环境的严重污染，因此，管道泄漏检测和定位已成为亟待解决的问题。随着计算机技术、信号处理、模式识别、人工智能等学科的发展和应用，基于软件的管道泄漏检测技术因为检测灵敏、成本低、简单易行等优势成为最受欢迎的方法之一。 本文结合管道实际检测的需要，在前人的研究基础上，对基于希尔伯特-黄变换、支持向量机和神经网络的输气管道泄漏检测和定位技术进行了深入地研究和分析，主要进行了以下几个方面的工作： 建立并求解气体管道模型：了解管道中流体的动力学方程，建立了气体管道稳态和动态模型，然后利用四阶龙格库塔法和特征线法对模型求解，得到管道压力和流量的数值。 利用HHT变换和SVM实现管道泄漏检测：将管道的运行工况分为正常、调阀和泄漏三类，利用HHT变换对各类信号进行剖析，提取特征向量作为区分各个类别的依据，将特征向量作为SVM的输入训练SVM，用训练好的SVM作为分类器，实现泄漏信号的识别，相比BP网络分类效果较好。 利用HHT变换和粒子群优化的神经网络实现泄漏点定位：首先，介绍负压波定位原理及公式，针对修正后负压波公式的复杂性，采用PSO优化的BP神经网络拟合负压波法定位公式，管道沿线一系列泄漏点引起的负压波被上、下游端接收的时间差及相应的位置作为PSO-BP网络的输入和输出值；然后，对比分析HHT变换和小波变换时延估计的准确性，采用HHT变换获取某泄漏压力信号的突变点时刻，进而获得负压波到达管道首端和末端的时间差，输入PSO-BP模型获得泄漏发生的地点。 关键词：泄漏检测定位，希尔伯特-黄变换，支持向量机，神经网络，粒子群算法 Gas Pipeline Leakage Detection and Location Based on HHT Zhang Yanpeng (Control Science and Engineering) Directed by Professor Li Shurong Abstract As the high efficient, convenient and environment-friendly transport tool, pipeline transportion has unique advantages especially in conveying gas and liquid. It has become one of the five important transportations, in parallel with railway, highway, aviation and water means. However, due to inevitable aging and erosion, as well as natural disasters and contrived damage and so on, pipeline leakage accident happened frequently, which had lead to a great loss of property and serious environmental pollution as well. Therefore, pipeline leak detection and location has become an urgent problem to be solved. With the development and application of computer technology, signal processing, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and other disciplines, software-based pipeline leak detection has become one of the most popular methods because of detection sensitivity, low cost, simple and other advantages. In this background, this paper makes deep research and analysis to the technology of pipeline leakage detection and location to meet the