Topic 3 西方译理论简介.docVIP

Topic 3 The Development of Theories in the West I． The beginning period – the end of 4th century B.C Background: Roman Empire became powerful in the world. Greek culture was very attractive to Rome. Representatives: Andronicus: Home’s Odysseus, 240 B.C The first large-scale translation activity in Europe. Cicero: The first translation theorist in the west in Roman period literal translation and free translation from the view of a rhetor and orator. Weakness: lake of systematic study of translation principle. Significance: ①introduce the ancient Greek literature into Rome even into the western world. ②develop Rome literature. From Rome Empire to early Middle Ages Background: to meet the needs of Christian community-develop the religious culture, Scriptures was translated form Hebrew to Latin. Features: religious translation activity Representatives: Jerome, the Old Testament The most systematic among all ancient translators 意译：Free translation-literary works 直译：Literal translation-the scriptures III．The Medieval Times Translation center form Baghdad (Syria) to Toledo (Spain) Syria: the 9th -10th century, founded the House of Wisdom, Greek-Arabic Features: word-for-word translation Toledo: the 11th – 12th century the school to Toledo Arabic→Latin and Spain Significance: to provide a solid scientific and technological basis for the European Renaissance. IV．The Renaissance Period Features: from ancient literary works to major contemporary works Representative： Martin Luther New Testament into German ①shifts of word order ②use of modal auxiliaries ③introduce of connectives ④suppression of foreign terms that had no equivalent in German ⑤use phrase in target language to translate words in source language ⑥shifts of metaphor to non-metaphor or vice verse. V．From the late of 17th century to the early of 20th century Representative: John Dryden, Alexander Tytler, Arnold Newman Feature: to cultivate a literary nature; to advance the theory of translatability and