现代情报学理论与方法01-1情报史.pptVIP

特点 情报需求发生了变化 开始了情报交流工具的探讨 开始出现了情报职业 情报学发展的探索期 20世纪50年代后 科学技术发展加快 科技文献急剧增加 科技竞争态势逐步凸现 交流渠道增多 1958年的《科学情报国际会议》（华盛顿） 会议支持：NSF、NAS、NRC、American Documentation Institute 讨论主题 科学家的文献需求 文摘和索引服务的功能与效果 情报机构的作用 情报服务的类型与服务手段 信息检索：存储和检索技术 情报研究系统的建设：政府、机构、个人的职责 政府推进情报研究与服务的作用 情报理论研究需求明确提出：需求、技术、渠道、体系 人物与贡献 Jesse Shera、M. Egan 《穿孔纸带在科学和工业上的应用》 系统介绍了情报研究领域计算机化的前景；原理与方法 Mortiner Taube 《书目组织的功能与方法》——协调书目、自然语言系统 Hans Peter Luhn KWIC、SDI Robert M. Hayes Hayes had a lifetime influence on information science. He was an expert on information systems. He co-authored with Joseph Becker Information Storage and Retrieval, the most comprehensive text in the field at that time (1962). President, American Society for Information Science and Technology, 1967-1968 Work on information systems and information economy Known?for UCLA Alma mater UCLA Institutions Information science Fields American Nationality Los Angeles, California Residence 3 December 1926New York City, United States Born Hans Peter Luhn (July 1, 1896 – August 19, 1964) was a computer scientist for IBM, and creator of the Luhn algorithm and KWIC (Key Words In Context) indexing. He was awarded over 80 patents. His introduction to the field of documentation/information science came in 1947 in IBM that involved searching for chemical compounds recorded in coded form. Luhn research on the problems of information retrieval and storage faced by libraries and documentation centers, and pioneered the use of data processing equipment in resolving these problems. Luhn was the first, or among the first, to work out many of the basic techniques now commonplace in information science. included full-text processing; hash codes; Key Word in Context indexing; auto-indexing; automatic abstracting and the concept of selective dissemination of information (SDI). A Business Intelligence System--automatic method to provide current awareness services to scientists and engineers who needed help to cope with the rapid post-war growth of scientifi