聚合物化学翻译_第一章预览.ppt

Chapter 1 Polymer Chemistry 桂林理工大学 材料科学与工程学院 高分子教研室 彭锦雯 built up:构造 P1-1 A polymer is a large molecule built up from numerous smaller molecules. These large molecules may be linear, slightly branched, or highly interconnected. In the latter case the structure develops into a large three-dimensional network. are known as：被称为是  poly(vinyl chloried)：PVC P1-2 The small molecules used as the basic building blocks for these large molecules are known as monomers. For example the commercially important material poly(vinyl chloried) is made from the monomer vinyl chloride. The repeat unit in the polymer usually corresponds to the monomer from which the polymer was made. no such monomer as vinyl clcohol:没有乙烯醇这样一种单体 P1-2 There are exceptions to this, though. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is formally considered to be made up of vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH) repeat units but there is , in fact, no such monomer as vinyl clcohol. alternative tautomeric ：互变异构的 The appropriate molecular unit exists in the alternative tautomeric form, ethanal CH3CHO. To make this polymer, it is necessary first to prepare poly(vinyl ethanoate) from the monomer vinyl ethanoate, and then to hydrolyse the product to yield the polymeric alcohol. the degree of polymerization, DP：聚合度 P1-3 The size of a polymer molecule may be defined either by its mass (see Chapter 6) or by the number of repeat units in the molecule. This latter indicator of size is called the degree of polymerization, DP. The relative molar mass of the polymer is thus the product of the relative molar mass of the repeat unit and the DP. no clear cut boundary：没有明确的分界线 domain：领域 P1-4 There is no clear cut boundary between polymer chemistry and the rest of chemistry. As a very rough guide, molecules of relative molar mass of at least 1000 or a DP of at least 100 are considered to fall into the domain of polymer chemistry. P1-5 The vast majority of polymers in commercial use are organic in nature, that is they are based on cova