休闲学期末卷考试答案.doc

The significance of leisure as a research subject List of “happiness boosters” advocated in the reading “The new science of happiness” 答案：（SectionI-Leisure+in+perspective 34页+文章） Gratitude journal—a diary in which subjects write down things for which they are thankful. Performing acts of altruism or kindness—visiting a nursing home, helping a friends child with homework, mowing a neighbors lawn, writing a letter to a grandparent. Three blessings—taking time each day to write down a trio of things that went well and why. Figuring out strengths and find new ways to deploy them: cerebral virtues vs. interpersonal virtues Definition of leisure as time/activity/a state of mind 答案： 时间 Leisure defined as time spent free of obligation and necessity Non-work/non obligated time Discretionary任意的自由决定的/non occupied /spare time Time when we are free to do what we choose Time during which feelings of compulsion 强迫should be minimal Time beyond what is required for subsistence 生存(work, school) and existence存在 (things we must do biologically to stay alive – e.g. eat, sleep, etc) It is not about time but about how the time is spent Higher chance to have leisure when we are comparatively 相对的free, but leisure can also occur in un-free conditions 活动 Leisure defined as a cluster of一串 activities resulting in relaxation and rejuvenation恢复活力 (external world) “Leisure is an activity apart from the obligation of work, family and society to which the individual turns at will任意, for either relaxation, diversion消遣, or broadening his/her experiences and spontaneous自发的 social participation, the free exercises of his creative capacities.” -- Dumazedier (1967) No activity can be said to always serve as leisure for the participant Activities may be meaningful, pleasurable, or compelling to different individuals or only in certain situations, cultures, lifestyles, life stages, tastes, etc. 心境 想法 Leisure defined as a state of mind leading to self-meditation 冥想and self-improvement (internal world) A m