4.25日在完成时综合讲与练0000000.docVIP

现在完成时 一． 基本结构：have/has+过去分词(done) 　句型否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.用法 （1）　　I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) 　　 (含义是:现在) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. 　　for+时段 　　since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） 　　since+时段+ago 　　since+从句（过去时） 　　●It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） 　　Mary has been ill for three days. 　　I have lived here since 1998. 　　has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别 　　 HHas gone(to) :去了Have/Has been (to) :去过Have/has been in：呆了久　for+时段since+过去一个时间点注意： 现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间 如yesterday, last等不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 过去分词　瞬间动词（buy,die,join,……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out leave ----be away begin-----be on finish----be over 　　open----be opendie----be dead ★1.have代替buy 　　My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrow 　　I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold 　　Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 　　5、用wear代替put on 　　b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 　　1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 　　3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 　　5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave 　　7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 　　9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose 　　c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词 　　1“be＋on”代start,begin 　　2“be＋up”代get up 　　3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 　　4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 　　d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 　　1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 　　2.用be in the army 代替join the army 　　3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to 　　常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： 　　1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. 　　→have been in sw./at…相应的介词 　　2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back 　　3. have come/gone out →have been out 　　4. have become → have been 　　5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open 　　6. have got up