哮喘英文和中文_培训课件.ppt

* Step 3: Moderate persistent 第三级：中度持续发作 Attack every day Night attack1/week Need daily use of inhaled short-acting b2-agonist PEF, FEV160, 80% Pr. PEF or FEV1-variation30% * Step 4: Severe persistent 第四级：重度持续发作 Attack frequently Night attack frequently Limitation of physical activity PEF, FEV160%Pr. PEF or FEV1 variation30% * 2. During acute exacerbation (Tab.2-4-3) 急性发作期病情严重程度评价（见表2-4-3） * X. Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断 (Table 2-4-4) Left ventricular failure 左心衰 Chronic asthmatic bronchitis 慢喘支 Acute bronchitis ( esp. in infants) 急性支气管炎 Lung cancer 肺癌 Benign airway narrowing 良性气道狭窄 Allergic pulmonary infiltration 过敏性肺浸润 …… * XI. Drugs used in asthma 哮喘治疗药物 1. Corticosteroids 糖皮质激素 Inhaler, oral, iv. , iv drip 剂型包括吸入、口服、静注、静滴 Best drug to control chronic airway inflammation 是控制慢性气道炎症最有效的药物 Slow-acting (2 w. for inhaler, 6 h for iv.) 起效较慢（吸入制剂需两周，静脉注射需6小时） Side effects: common when used systemically, but very few with inhalers 副作用：全身用药副作用较多，吸入用药副作用极少 * 2. ?2-agonist ?2-受体激动剂 Inhaler, oral 有吸入和口服制剂 Control symptoms quickly 可以迅速控制症状 Short-acting agents are ineffective for inflammation, but long-term agents are. 短效制剂对于气道炎症无效，而长效制剂有效 * 3. Theophyllines Oral, iv., iv drip 有口服、静注和静滴制剂 Control symptoms effectively 控制症状有效 Not very effective for inflammation 控制气道炎症效不佳 Fatal side effects in a few cases 个别患者见致死性副作用 * 4. Anticholingergics 抗胆碱能药物 ipratropium inhaler 吸入制剂（如异丙托品） acts rather weakly, with few side effects 作用较弱，副作用少 esp. good for old people 尤其适用于老年人 * 5. Leukotriene antagonists 白三烯拮抗剂 6. Others 其他药物 Antihistamine agents 抗组织胺药物 Ketotifon