曼彻斯特大Signals and Systems总结.docVIP

Signals and Systems Signal: a signal is a pattern of variation of some form. System: a system processes an input and transforms it into output signals. Euler’s formulae CT unit impulse signal CT unit step signal For a system, if its impulse response signal , then the time constant For a real exponential signal , the time constant is defined as , which is the time for the signal to decay to about 36.8% or 2.7 times its initial value when the signal is increasing exponential. Real-valued exponentials are the unforced/impulse response of a first order LTI ODE. Imaginary exponential signals are the unforced/natural/impulse response of second order LTI ODEs without damping . The unforced/natural/impulse responses to LTI ODEs in any order are scaled, complex exponentials. For a complex-valued exponential signal , the relations exist DT unit impulse signal DT unit step signal The energy of a CT signal is , and the power is The energy of a CT signal over an infinite time interval is , and the corresponding power is The energy of a DT signal is , and the power is The energy of a DT signal over an infinite time interval is and the corresponding power is If the total energy of a signal is finite, then the average power over an infinite time interval should be zero, while if the average power over an infinite time interval is non-zero, then the total energy should be infinite. Two properties of a system must have in order to be able to apply convolution: 1) linear; 2) time invariant, because 1) the sifting expression breaks the input signal into an additive combination and 2) each of the time shifted impulse must respond in the same time shifted fashion. CT convolution DT convolution The definition of dynamic systems: if a system is dynamic, an instantaneous change in the input will affect the future values in the output, otherwise for a static system, an instantaneous change in the input would affect only the current output value. The definition of unforced re