有机合成2基础知识官能团的转化.ppt

----Preparation of Amine---- ----Reaction of Diazonium---- 1. Replacement of Nitrogen 2. Coupling ----Reaction of Diazonium---- ----Preparation of Aldehyde Ketone---- 1. Oxidation of Primary Alcohols 2. Oxidation of Methylbenzene 3. Reduction of Acid chloride Aldehyde Ketone 1. Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols 2. Friedel-Crafts Acylation ----Preparation of Aldehyde Ketone---- ----Reactions of Aldehyde Ketone---- 1. Oxidation 2. Reduction 3. Addition of Cyanide 4. Addition Derivatives of ammonia 5. Addition of Alcohols 6. Cannizzaro Reaction 7. Addition of Grignard Reagent ----Reactions of Aldehyde Ketone---- * ----Preparation of Alkane---- 1. Hydrogenation of Alkenes 2. Reduction of Alkyl Halides 5. Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Organometalic Compounds 3. Reduction of Aldehydes and ketones 4. Reduction of Alcohols ----Preparation of Alkane---- 自由基还原 3. Reduction of Aldehydes and ketones 4. Reduction of Alcohols 将伯醇或仲醇先转化为黄酸酯，然后用LiAlH4 还原。 卤代烃的反应活性：苄基和烯基卤代烷伯卤代烷仲卤代烷 叔卤代烷(几乎不反应) RIRBrRCl 芳卤的偶联 进行偶联的芳卤的活性顺序： ArIArBrArCl 卤素的邻位有吸电子基团时反应 易于进行。 ----Preparation of Alkene---- 1. Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halide 2. Dehydration of Alcohols 3. Dehalogenation of Vicinal Dihalides 4. Reduction of Alkynes 5. From Aldehydes and ketones ----Preparation of Alkene---- 5. From Aldehydes and ketones Wittig-Horner reaction 羰基化合物的还原偶合 还原剂为i低价的金属及其盐，常用的为TiCl3/Zn-Cu；TiCl4/Zn等。 ----Preparation of Alcohol---- 1. Oxymercuration-Demercuration 2. Hydroboration-Oxidation 3. Grignard Synthesis 4. Hydrolysis of Alkyl Halides 5. Hydroxylation of Alkenes ----Preparation of Alcohol---- ----Preparation of Halide---- 1. From Alcohols 2. Halogenation of Certain hydrocarbons 3. Addition of Hydrogen Halide to Alkenes 4. Addition of Halogen to Alkenes and Alkynes 5. Halide Exchange ----Preparation of Halide---- ----Preparation of Ether---- 1. Williamson Synthesis 2. Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration ----Preparation