本科毕业论文---超声波流量计信号处理.docVIP

超声波流量计（信号处理） 摘 要：超声多普勒流量计主要用于污水类非纯净液体和混有固体颗粒的两相流的流量测量,其优点是:分辨率高,对流速变化响应快;对流体的压力、粘度和温度等因素不敏感。但就当前测量水平来说,其精度及其它性能都有待于进一步提高,因此,超声多普勒流量计的研究无论是对于自动化测量技术的提高还是对于环保事业来说,都将是一项极有意义的研究课题。本课题设计的超声多普勒流量计引入先进的数字信号处理技术,在频域上对多普勒信号进行有效的处理,主要处理技术是以快速傅里叶(FFT)变换为基础的周期图法和峰值逼近算法。具体方法是首先对多普勒频移信号进行采样,再进行FFT变换,进而得到该信号的功率谱,在功率谱上应用峰值频率的逼近算法,加上适当的数字滤波技术,从而得到频移信号所对应的频率,在此基础上,根据多普勒效应原理,求取管道中流体流速及其它数据量。以MATLAB 为分析工具对超声波多普勒流量计信号处理方法进研究,并对可行的数据处理组合方式效果进行分析,为该类流量计的软件设计提了新供的思路。 关键词：多普勒；流量计；FFT；峰值逼近；MATLAB  The signal processing of ultrasonic flowmeter Abstract:Ultrasonic Doppler flowmeters are mainly applied to measure flux of sewage or other liquid with solid grain. They are of high resolving power ,and can respond quickly with the variety of velocity.Moreover,they are insensitive to the pressure and temperature of liquid.But now,technique in this field will be improved,so the task is significative not only to automatic measurement but to environment protection. Hardware and software of Ultrasonic Doppler flowmeters are designed in this paper.Digital signal processing is introduced to analyzed Doppler signal,for example ,FFT is used to convert Doppler signal from time domain to frequency domain,and then the algorithm of approaching peak value is put into practice.After this,filter software is in use.Thus Doppler frequency shift is obtained.According to Doppler effect,velocity and flux can be calculated. This paper investigates Ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter’s signal processing methods through the software of Matlaband analyzses the effects of possible combination of data-processing methods. Above all,the new ideas are provided for flowmeter’s software design. Key words: Doppler Flowmeter；FFT；Approaching peak value；MATLAB 目 录 1 绪论 1 1.1 超声波流量计简介 1 1.2 多普勒超声波流量计的发展 2 1.3 课题研究的意义 2 2 多普勒超声波流量计测量原理 4 2.1 多普勒效应 4 2.2 多普勒超声波流量计的工作原理以及模型 6 2.2.1 工作原理 6 2.2.2 多普勒超声波流量计的测量模型 7 2.3 超声波流量计的系统硬件实现 7 2.3.1 系统硬件总体方案 7 2.3.2 超声波流量计信号处理部分的电路介绍 9 3 超声波流量计的信号