医学微生物学(第八版)探讨.ppt

医学微生物学Medical Microbiology 金志雄 Dept. of medical Microbiology E.mail: jzx880150@163.com Introduction 绪论 1. Microbiology 微生物学 Microorganism(Microbe) 微生物 Type of Microorganisms 微生物类型或分类 Microbiology Medical Microbiology 2. History of Microbiology (by yourself) What is Microorganism？ Micro-organisms. are very small living things and are sometimes called microbe. Microbes are so tiny that they cannot be seen with the naked eye. They can only be seen using a microscope. Definition：一群体形细小、结 构简 单、肉眼看不见必 须借助显微镜观察到的微小生物。 Non-cellular type非细胞型: only grow and reproduce within other living things-病毒。 二、 二、Microorganisms and Human Beings Beneficial activities-有益 Harmful activities-有害 Medical Microbiology 研究病原微生物的生物学特性、感染、免疫机制、诊断 及防治等的一门学科。 Louis Pasteur 科霍（1843-1910） 创立细菌染色法 创用固体培养基 发现炭疽芽胞杆菌 、结核分枝杆菌和霍乱弧菌 1905年诺贝尔奖 Dicovery of Antibiotics Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) Alexander Fleming Ernst Boris Chain Howard Walter Florey How to study microbiology * The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008 Harald zur Hausen , Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier HPV感染上皮细胞 宫颈癌 生殖器疣 HIV 机会感染 AIDS 疖 呕吐 How many different microbes can you name? 一、 Three types of microbes Bacteria细菌 Virus病毒 Fungi真菌 microbes 1. Types类型 Prokaryotic type 原核细胞型:Single-celled organisms No nuclear membrane or mitotic apparatus, only nuclear region can be seen, which composed of DNA-细菌、放线菌、衣原体、支原体、立克次体、螺旋体 Eukaryotic type 真核细胞型： Intracellular membrane -enclosed organelles(细胞器) –真菌。 Streptococcus链球菌 rickettsia 立克次体 Spirochete螺旋体 chlamydozoa trachomatis (CT) Chlamydia 衣原体 Mycoplasma支原体 infection of fungi culture of fungi 2. Microbe distribution : 广泛分布于自然界与人和动物体内 正常菌群（normal flora) 条件致病菌(conditioned pathegen) 病原微生物(disease microorganism) Environment Medicine Food Industry Biotechnology Research Microbiology微生物学 Microbiology : the biology of microorganisms，including the ev