乌拉盖湿地生态损伤.docVIP

稿件编号 10002 内蒙古乌拉盖湿地中下游植被退化演替趋势分析* 苏布达1** 易津1 陈继群2包秀霞1 萨那斯琴1 (1内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特 010019 2 曾经草原网站,北京 100018) 摘 要：针对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌旗乌拉盖草原湿地植被退化问题，项目采用植被生态调查方法进行生态损伤评估和植被演替趋势分析，该区域涉及乌拉盖草原湿地中下游6个嘎查，草原面积合计252580.1 hm2 ，其中湿地面积71000 hm2 ，占总面积的28.1%；调查结果表明在乌拉盖河截流5年内，乌拉盖湿地中下游植被退化迅速，主要表现在原生植被的建群种和优势种基本消失，荒漠化和盐碱化程度达到湿地面积的80%以上；植被生产性能降低，主要表现群落高度和盖度迅速降低，原生植被群落重要值显著降低，次生植被群落重要值增加；植物生物多样性的研究结果显示，植物种的数量大量减少，植物多样性严重降低；植物生活型中一年生草本植物数量和比例明显高于多年生草本植物，水分生活型中旱生植物增加，水生和中生植物大量减少，部分荒漠化严重地区还出现超旱生植物白刺；以上研究结果均说明乌拉盖草原湿地中下游植被群落退化程度严重，植被具有明显荒漠化特征，生态损伤十分严重，已经从草原湿地植被演替为碱蓬盐化草甸植被和盐漠化裸地。 关键词：乌拉盖湿地中下游；退化草原；植被特征；生物多样性 Analysis of Vegetation Degeneration Succession Trend in Middle and Lower Reaches, Wulagai Wetland of Inner Mongolia Subuda1** Yijin1 Chenjiqun2 Baoxiuxia1 Sanasiqin1 (1 Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Huhhot 010019; 2 Echoing Steppe Website, Beijing 100018) Abstract: We studied grassland vegetation of middle, lower and lower reaches, Wulagai wetland of Inner Mongolia in order to provide the basis for the assessment of vegetation degradation and succession trend in the funding of SEE environmental NGO Fund Project. Grassland of 6 villages is aggregated 252580.1 hm2, wetland are is 71000 hm2, it about 28.1% of the total area. Vegetation degeneration is speedy, now wetland vegetation is almost disappeared, desertification and salinity degree more than 80% of the wetland area. Wetland vegetation have changed Suaeda glauca salt vegetation and bare land, constructive and dominant species are basically disappeared, vegetation height, coverage and important value is decreased, important value of secondary community is increased. Desertification and salinization of soil, salt and desert vegetation are appeared in this area. Bare land caused primary reasons of sand storm, because lake is dried and deserted lead to grassland vegetation is secondary salt-desertification. If we untimely