Lecture 11 Theories and Schools of Modern Linguistics (I).pptVIP

Lecture 11 Theories and Schoolsof Modern Linguistics(I) Saussure:使语言学科走向现代的大师 Prague School London School F. D. Saussure Father of modern linguistics 1907-1911 lecture in general linguistics, died in 1913 A Course in General Linguistics was published in 1916. His theoretical ideas were developed along three lines Linguistics语言学 Sociology社会学 Psychology心理学 Langue and Parole语言和言语 Syntagmatic vs. Paradigmatic组合与聚合 Synchronic vs. Diachronic 共时和历时 His contributions Provide a general orientation, a sense of the task of linguistics 大致方向和研究任务 He influenced modern linguistics in specific concepts.具体概念 Prague School Mathesius马泰休斯 (1882-1946)Three points are worth mentioning Emphasis on the synchronic study of language共时 Emphasis on the systemic character of language系统 Consider language as a tool performing a number of essential functions or tasks that the community uses语言的功能作用 也可以称为功能学派 The most important contribution is that it sees language in terms of function 音韵学，语音学VS音系学 The Prague School will be remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between phonetics and phonology Trubetzkoy 布拉格派最有影响的学者 He argued phonetics belongs to parole whereas phonology belongs to langue. He considers “phoneme” as an abstract unit of the sound system A phoneme may be defined as the sum of the differential functions 音位可被定义为区别性功能的总和；只要语音能区别意义就是音位？ Functional Sentence Perspecitve (FSP)句子功能前景 It is a linguistic analysis which refers to an analysis of utterances in terms of the information they contain.是语言学分析的理论，指用所含信息来分析话语或篇章 Theme主位，话语的出发点，是说话人和听话人都知道的东西--这是他们的共同点 Rheme述位，话语的目标，仅仅表现对听话人来说意义重大的信息 Communicative dynamism交际力 Firbas费尔巴斯: CD is intended to measure the amount of information an element carries in a sentence.是用来测量句子中某个成分负载的信息量的