Lecture 2What Is Linguistics.pptVIP

Lecture 2  What Is Linguistics 2.1 Definition of linguistics 2.2 Branches of linguistics 2.3 Macrolinguistics 2.4 Important distinctions in linguistics2.1 Definition Linguistics is the scientific study of language. study – investigation scientific - exhaustiveness 穷尽性consistency 一致性economy 简洁性objectivity 客观性 2.2 Branches of linguistics 2.2.1 Phonetics 语音学 2.2.2 Phonology 音系学 2.2.3 Morphology 形态学 2.2.4 Syntax 句法学 2.2.5 Semantics 语义学 2.2.6 Pragmatics 语用学 2.2.7 Modern linguistics and traditional grammar 2.2.1 Phonetics 语音学 Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. Three different branches of phonetics: 1) Articulatory phonetics发音语音学 2) Auditory phonetics 听觉语音学 3) Acoustic phonetics声学语音学 2.2.2 Phonology 音系学 Phonology studies the sound system of languages. The aim of phonology is to demonstrate the patterns of distinctive sounds found in a language, and to make as general statements as possible about the nature of sound systems in the languages of the world. The object of study in phonology is phoneme (音位). 2.2.3 Morphology 形态学 Morphology studies the formation of words, that is, how words are formed from smaller units of meaning – morphemes. Morphemes are the minimal units of meaning. They can be used to derive words and to give grammatical information about a word. 2.2.4 Syntax 句法学 Syntax studies the rules that govern the formation of sentences from words. These rules specify word order, sentence organization, and the relationship between word order, word classes and other sentence elements.Emma loaded the groceries into the car.Emma loaded the car with groceries.He didn’t come because of you.2.2.5 Semantics 语义学 Semantics is the study of meaning. It’s not only concerned with the meaning of words, but also that of morphemes and of sentences. 2.2.6 Pragmatics 语用学 Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context. It deals with specific utterances in specific situations. 2.2.7 Modern linguistics and traditional grammar Saussure, “Father of mod