第六章 微生物的营养、生态和生长_幻灯.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Lag Phase (滞留适应期) When a microbial population is inoculated into a fresh medium, growth usually does not begin immediately but only after a period of time called the lag phase, which may be brief or extended depending on the history of the culture and growth conditions. This happens because for growth to occur in a particular culture medium the cells must have a complete complement of enzymes for synthesis of the essential metabolites not present in that medium. Exponential Phase (对数生长期) It is a consequence of the fact that each cell divides to form two cells, each of which also divides to form two more cells, and so on. Most unicellular microorganisms grow exponentially, but rates of exponential growth vary greatly. In general, prokaryotes grow faster than eukaryotic microorganisms. Stationary Phase (稳定期) If a single bacterium continued to grow exponentially for 48 h, a population would produce that weighed about 4,000 times the weight of Earth! This is particularly impressive because a single bacterial cell weighs only about one-trillionth (10? l2) of a gram. An essential nutrient of the culture medium is used up or some waste product of the organism builds up in the medium to an inhibitory level and exponential growth ceases, or both. Death Phase (死亡期) If incubation continues after a population reaches the stationary phase, the cells may remain alive and continue to metabolize, but they may also die. If the latter occurs, the population is said to be in the death phase. The growth curve in a bacterial culture (p210) A typical growth curve for a population of cells can be divided into four distinct phases called: lag phase (滞留适应期) exponential phase (对数生长期) stationary phase (稳定期) death phase (死亡期) 实践意义： 接种：采用对数期细胞 发酵：产物产生，稳定期 6.3.4 The Methods of Analyzing Population Growth Total cell count (细胞总数测定) Turbidity measurement (浊度测定) Viable plate count (平板活菌计数) 1. Total cell count (细胞总数测定) 血球计数板 Including living and dead ce