机械通气中的自主呼吸.pptVIP

* Subject of Slide: Movement of air in breathing and ventilation, side effects. Natural system (breathing) and artificial system (ventilation) work in a different way, to bring air into the lungs. Breathing: negative pressure inside the lung causes air to be drawn into the lung. Mechanical ventilation: positive pressure causes air to be pushed into the lung. Movement of air seems to be the same in breathing and ventilation looking at this simplified model, which shows only one compartment. Lung however is more complex than this model. Lung has 300 mio small compartments called alveoli. Later in slide 7ff we will look closer towards the differences in air movement using a more complex model. There we will see, that there is a difference in movement of air if we compare natural breathing and artificial ventilation. Blood vessels and heart are effected by pressures inside the thorax. Negative pressures caused by physiological breathing improve blood flow and function of heart. Positive pressures normally cause negative side effects. They minimise blood flow inside lung and reduce efficiency of heart. This will be shown in detail with slide 26. Side effects on gas distribution inside the lung and circulatory system have one thing in common: they have a negative impact on gaseous exchange – a vital function. Modern ventilation therefore allows spontaneous breathing – there is no need to suppress spontaneous breathing by sedation or even relaxation. Modern ventilators therefore follow in their breath delivery the patient‘s spontaneous breathing. They serve instead of dominating the patient. Our concept of modern ventilation at Draeger is called: ?Room to Breathe“. Background info Give an example, if students do not understand the principle of mechanical ventilation: it works like mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. There are more side effects which should be known however they should not be motioned in the beginning of presentation: High pressures cause lung injury, seda