语法3-虚拟语气.ppt

动词被动语态要点回顾 据说…… It is said that … 据报导…… It is reported that … 据推测…… It is supposed that … 希望…… It is hoped that … 众所周知…… It is well known that … 普遍认为…… It is generally considered/believed /thought that … 有人建议…… It is suggested that … 据估计… it is estimated that … You are required to be here on time. The cloth feels soft. Hundreds of passengers were killed in the crash. This proposal was generally considered as not very practical. It is thought that he will come. He is thought to come. He is expected to come. He is reported to have been driving carelessly. I am interested in what you told me. I was annoyed by mosquitoes all night. Lecture 3 英语语法——虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood 广东白云学院应用外语系李庆华 I.动词的语气简介： 语气——表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中，可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。 虚拟语气的概念： ▲ 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实，有时是跟过去的事实相反的一种假设，有时是跟现在事实相反的假设，还可以是对未来不太可能或者按照目前各种迹象或知识，科学水平推测完全不可能发生的一种纯主观的愿望。虚拟语气最常见的模式，即以时间为界限，分为过去，现在和将来； 除了这三种常见模式外，另外还有些特殊情况，比如虚拟语气的倒装，含蓄条件的虚拟语气，某些特殊句型中的虚拟语气，某些词等等。 III.虚拟语气的运用 1） if虚拟条件句 2）省略if的倒装句 3）错综条件句 4）含蓄条件句（with，but for，不定式，分词等后） Examples: 1. If I were you, Id take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。 （不可能是你，所以这是不存在的事实，所以用虚拟语气） 2. If I had met Tom, I could have told him. 如果我碰见了Tom，我早就告诉他了。（事实上当时没碰到也没有告诉他，这跟过去的事实相反。） 3. If it should rain this afternoon, the football match would be cancelled. (事实上今天上午天气晴朗，天气预报也说下午也没有雨，下雨的可能性极小。) 4. He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。 （suggest作为建议的意义讲，它所引导的宾语从句的谓语动词需要用should do 形式，类似的动词还有许多。如果作为暗示的意思则不用虚拟，另外注意insist的用法。） 5.He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好像他去过那儿。（as if 引导的从句。） 6. I wish it were spring all the year round. 要是一年到头都是春天该多好啊！（wish 是个特殊动词，它所引导的宾语从句后面要用虚拟语气，但是要分几种情况。） 7. Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。 8.I?got?caught?in?traffic;?otherwise?I?would?have?been?here??sooner.（这是个含蓄条件句。） 9. If I had taken the