Chaptr 4 Control Methods.ppt

Liang, Introduction to C++ Programming, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 013225445X Chapter 4 Loops §4.1 The “while” Loop §4.2 The “do-while” Loop §4.3 The “for” Loop §4.4 Nested loop §4.5 “break” and “continue” §4.6 Simple File Input and Output Objectives To master the usage of while, do-while, and for loops statements To understand the flow of control in loops To use Boolean expressions to control loops To know the similarities and differences of three types of loops To know the use functionality of break and continue To know how to read and write data from/to a file §4.1 The “while” Loop Trace while Loop Example: An Advanced Math Learning Tool The Math subtraction tutor program in Listing 3.6, SubtractionTutor.cpp, generates just one question for each run. You can use a loop to generate questions repeatedly. Listing 4.1 gives a program that generates ten questions and reports the number of the correct answers after a student answers all ten questions. The program also displays the time spent on the test and lists all the questions, as shown in sample output. Controlling a Loop with User Confirmation char continueLoop = Y; while (continueLoop == Y) { // Execute body once // Prompt the user for confirmation cout Enter Y to continue and N to quit: ; cin continueLoop; } Ending a Loop with a Sentinel Value Often the number of times a loop is executed is not predetermined. You may use an input value to signify the end of the loop. Such a value is known as a sentinel value. Write a program that reads and calculates the sum of an unspecified number of integers. The input 0 signifies the end of the input. Caution Don’t use floating-point values for equality checking in a loop control. Since floating-point values are approximations, using them could result in imprecise counter values and inaccurate results. §4.2 The “do-while” Loop Example Listing 4.3: a program that reads and calculates the sum of an unspecified number of intege