局部解剖学-下肢_培训课件.ppt

Section 4 The Knee 1. Anterior region of knee (1) Superficial structures Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa Saphenous n. Medial femoral cutaneous n. Lateral femoral cutaneous n. (2) Deep structures Iliotibial tract greater foot of goose Patellar lig. Patellar retinaculum Suprapatellar bursa 2. Posterior Region of Knee (1) Superficial structures (2) Deep structures—Popliteal fossa Doundaries ①上外侧壁：股二头肌 ②上内侧壁：半腱肌、半膜肌 ③下内侧壁：腓肠肌内侧头 ④下外侧壁：腓肠肌外侧头、跖肌 ⑤顶：腘筋膜 ⑥底：股骨的腘面、膝关节囊、腘肌及筋膜 Contents： ①正中由浅入深为胫神经、腘静脉、腘动脉 ②Tibial n. ③Common peroneal n. ④Popliteal a. ⑤Popliteal v. ⑥Deep popliteal lymph nodes 3. Arterial Network of Knee Joint 腘动脉的膝上内、外侧动脉 膝下内、外侧动脉 膝中动脉的关节支 股动脉的膝降动脉 旋股外侧动脉的降 支股深动脉的第3穿动脉 胫前返动脉 Section 5 The Leg 1. Anterior Region of Leg (1)Superficial structures 1) 大隐静脉 2) 皮神经 ①隐神经：在小腿内侧与大隐静脉伴行。 ②腓浅神经：在小腿外4侧中、下1/3处浅出。 （2）Deep structures 1) 深筋膜：前、后外 侧骨筋膜鞘。 2) 前骨筋膜鞘 ①Muscles ②Anterior tibial A. ③Anterior tibial v. ④Deep peroneal n. 3) 外侧骨筋膜鞘的内容 ①Muscles ②Superficial peroneal n. 2. Posterior region of leg (1) Superficial structures 1) Small saphenous v. 2) Cutaneous n. ① Med. sural cutaneous n. ② Lat. sural cutaneous n. ③ Sural n. (2) Deep structures 1）Muscles 2）Posterior tibial a. 3）Tibial n. Section 6 Malleolar Region and Foot 1. Anterior Malleolar Region and Dorsum of Foot (1) Superficial structures Dorsal venous arch Saphenous n. Sural n. Superficial peroneal n. (2) Deep structures 1）Superior extensor retinaculum 2）Inferior extensor retinaculum 踝关节前方，向深处发出3个纤维隔，形成3个骨纤维管：内侧通过胫骨前肌腱， 中间通过母长伸肌腱、足背动脉、腓深神经，外侧通过趾长伸肌腱、第3腓骨肌腱。 3）Dorsal a. of foot 4）Deep peroneal n. 5）Dorsal fascia of foot： 浅层：伸肌下支持带的延续，附着于足 内、外缘的骨膜。 深层：贴附骨间背侧肌及跖骨。 Dorsal fascia space of foot： 为浅、深两层间的间隙。内有趾长伸肌腱及腱鞘、趾短伸肌及腱、足背动脉的分支、伴行静脉、腓深神经。 2. Posterior malleolar region (1) Superficial structures：superficial fascia (2) Deep structures 1）Flexor retinac