ch07-2010原书第五版~PPT~!.pptVIP

CHAPTER 7 ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES 会计原则 Study Objectives Generally accepted accounting principles and conceptual framework Objectives of financial reporting Qualitative characteristics of accounting information and elements of financial statements Study Objectives Assumptions used by accountants Principles of accounting Constraints in accounting Understand and analyze classified financial statements THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF ACCOUNTING会计概念框架 Generally accepted accounting principles一般公认的会计原则 are a set of rules and practices that are recognized as a general guide for financial reporting purposes. Generally accepted means that these principles must have substantial authoritative support. THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF ACCOUNTING会计概念框架 This support usually comes from the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB美国财务会计准则委员) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC美国证监会). The FASB has the responsibility for developing accounting principles in the United States. THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF ACCOUNTING The conceptual framework developed by the FASB serves as the basis for resolving accounting and reporting problems. THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF ACCOUNTING The conceptual framework consists of: objectives of financial reporting财务报告的目标; qualitative characteristics of accounting information会计信息的质量特征; elements of financial statements财务报表的成分; and Operating guidelines 运用指南(assumptions假设, principles原则, and constraints限制). OBJECTIVES OF FINANCIAL REPORTING The FASB concluded that the objectives of financial reporting are to provide information that: Is useful to those making investment and credit decisions对投资信贷决策有帮助 Is helpful in assessing future cash flows对预测未来现金流量有帮助. Identifies the economic resources (assets), the claims to those resources (liabilities), and the changes in those resources and claims.确认资产,负债及相关化 QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION The FASB concluded that the overriding criterion by which accounting choices should be judged is decisio