7.ALE公式.pptx

计算固体力学第7章 任意的Lagrangian和Eulerian公式 庄茁 柳占立 第7章 任意的Lagrangian和Eulerian公式 引言ALE连续介质力学ALE守恒规则ALE控制方程弱形式Petrov-Galerkin方法网格更新算法算例Material Control VolumesLAGRANGIANRelation between materialAnd observer fixed in timeGood for material lawsMaterial volume ? material pointEULERIANRelation between observerAnd ‘spatial unit’ fixed in timeGood for laboratory measurementsControl volume ? Spatial pointThe Arbitrary Eulerian-Lagrangian (ALE)L EulerJ LagrangeTJR Hughes,Wing K Liu,T Zimmermann, 1981Material derivative given with respect to a possibly moving meshReynold’s Transport TheoremMaterial derivative of volume integrals of scalars, vectors and/or tensors. It includes the transport of the volume over which material is integrated as it movesThe same control volume from time t0 seen at time t0 +dt Choose a control volume At time t0Control Volume(Section of pipe)Fliud flow in control Volume(Section of pipe)The hatched and red-shaded areas Are the differences arising between a more Current control and material volume .The fluid that was in the control volume at time t0 seen at time t0 +dt Volume differences(shaded and hatched)Material Volume(shaded in red)For any integral quantity (I), its material derivativeMetal-forming ExampleArbitrary Eulerian-LagrangianALE remeshingLagrangian: Heavy element distortionALE simulation can terminate at much larger strainSolid-Fluid ExampleArbitrary Eulerian-Lagrangian (ALE)Airfoil P. Svácˇek, Mathematics and Computres in Simulation, 20091 引言提出：许多问题应用Lagrangian网格不能有效地解决。问题：当材料严重变形时，Lagrangian单元同样发生严重的扭曲，因为它们随材料一起变形，从而恶化了这些单元的近似精度，特别是对于高阶单元。因此，在积分点的Jacobian行列式可能成为负值(例3.3)，从而使计算中止或者引起严重的局部误差。此外，也恶化了线性化牛顿方程的条件，并且显式稳定时间步长明显地下降。解决：在发生严重大变形的模拟中，重新划分网格是不可避免的，工作量大，而且由于网格投影引入了误差。1 引言 一个Lagrangian网格像在材料上的蚀刻：当材料变形时，蚀刻(和单元)随着变形。 一个Eulerian网格像放在材料前面一薄片玻璃上的蚀刻：当材料变形时，蚀刻不变形，而材料横穿过网格。1 引言Lagrangian网格，材料点与网格点保持重合，单元随材料变形，适合描述固体与结构的变形，但容易严重扭曲。解决方法：ALE网格(Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) 节点能够有序地任意运动，在边界上的节点保持在边界上运动，内部的节点运动使网格扭曲最小化。Initial configurationUniform adaptivi