Lect2-Sequence strat-Concept.pptVIP

层序地层与盆地沉积动力学 陈代钊 （博士，研究员） 沉积学、层序地层/旋回地层、盆地分析、沉积地球化学和古海洋学 Contents Historical review and perspective Sequence Stratigraphy: concepts and definitions Marine Sequence Stratigraphy Nonamrine Sequence Stratigraphy Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy Methodologies for sequence stratigraphy studies (seismic, well log, core and outcrop data) Sea Level Change 层序地层基本概念和原理 I.导论 （盆地形成过程、盆地边缘） II.相对海平面变化、构造和全球海平面变化(Relative sea-level, tectonics and eustasy) III.沉积物供给 (Sediment supply) IV.层序地层术语和概念 (Terminology and concept of sequence stratigraphy) V.高分辨率层序地层和准层序-旋回地层 (HR sequence stratigraphy parasequences)-cyclostratigraphy VI.实例简介 I: 导论 1.1 盆地形成 伸展盆地（Extensional Basin) 前裂谷阶段（Prerift phases)-大层序（Megasequences) 同裂谷阶段（Synrift phases-Megasequences)-活动断层控制 后裂谷阶段（Postrift phases-Megasequences)-海平面变化起主导作用 挤压（前陆）盆地（Compressional or Foreland Basin) 由岩石圈加载于冲断带之上形成 特征的向冲断带前沿加厚的楔壮充填物-前陆盆地大层序 走滑盆地（Strike-slip Basin） 没有特征的沉降样式 1.2 盆地边缘 盆地边缘沉积几何形态 顶积层（Topsets)-盆缘近端沉积体（0.10) 滨线（Shoreline）,上超（ onlap） 同向斜坡/进积体(Clinoforms)-盆缘剖面陡倾部分(10) 底积层（Bottomsets) 退超坡折(Offlap break) vs. 沉积滨线坡折（Depositional shelf break) Types of Basin-margin Shelf-break margins: typical of PCM, with well developed depo-clinoforms, submarine fan deposits due to mass failure. Ramp margins: Shallow WD, STM CRT extensive, dip10, LST turbidites rare. Rift margins: active crustal extension; Accommodation controlled largely by tectonics. Footwall crest-less Subsidence-uplift or erosion; Hangingwall-greater SBSD. Transfer Zone-sediment entry points. Foreland-basin margins: Growth-fault margins: Differentiation across the fault, with thick, deeper deposits on the down-throw side. II. Relative sea-level, tectonics and eustasy Seal-level (eustasy, base-level, relative sea-level, equilibrium point) Accommodation: Space available for deposition=?eustasy+ ?subsidence+ ?compaction, controlled by base-level. Orders of cyclicity: 1st-order (50 Ma), 2nd-order (3-50 Ma), 3rd-order (0.5-3 Ma), 4th-order (0.01-0.1 Ma), 5th-order (0.01 Ma) III. S